1、初三中考热点难点考题阅读理解之说明文2021年初三中考热点难点考题重难点09 阅读理解之说明文【命题趋势】中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。【满分技巧】1.主旨题 解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。2. 细节题 解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一
2、些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。3. 推断题 解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。4.猜测词义题 解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。【热点话题】 说明文热衷话题有：旅游、环保、广告类等。A（2020扬州中学教育集团树人学校中考三模 ） Many people believe the glare(刺眼的光) from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, with dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and
3、 even snow blindness when staying in snow light for several hours.The United States army has now discovered that glare from snow does not cause snow blindness in troops(军队) in a snow-covered country. In fact, a mans eyes often find nothing to focus on in a broad space of snow-covered land. So his ey
4、es keep moving over the whole landscape in search of something to look at. Finding something, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become tired and the eye muscles ache. Nature makes up for this discomfort by producing more and more fluid (液体) which covers the eyeball. The
5、 fluid covers the eyeball more and more until it makes eyes difficult to see clearly, and the result is completely snow blindness, even though for a short time.Experiments led the army to a simple method of solving this problem. Scouts (侦察员) ahead of the troops are trained to shake snow from evergre
6、en bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead which they can look at, too. The men following can then see something. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to look at, stop se
7、arching the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a continuous white land is solved.42What is the first paragraph mainly about?AThe whiteness from s
8、now. BSnow light and snow blindnessCThe need for dark glasses DHeadaches and watering eyes43Snow-blindness can be avoided_.Aby walking ahead and keep looking aroundBby making up for the discomfort of ones eyesCby covering the eyeballs with more and more tearsDby providing the eyes with something to
9、look at44What is the best title for this passage?ASnow-blindness: what it is and whom it influencesBSnow-blindness: what it is and how nature helpsCSnow-blindness: how it forms and how to solve itDSnow-blindness: how it forms and whom it hurts45Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
10、?ASolving the problem of snow-blindness is important in armyBSnow-blindness was once a big problem but could be cured easilyCThe glare from snow is considered as the main cause of snow-blindnessDArmies around the world pay attention to the problems of snow-blindnessB（2020 南京市鼓楼区中考二模）Bacteria Cafeter
11、iaEvery day, people use teeth to cut, tear, and chew food. They eat most of the food. But bits of food stick to their teeth. Peoples mouths are filled with bacteria (细菌). They eat the bits of food. The bacteria increase and build up on the teeth. And they can quickly form a coating called plaque (牙斑
12、).The bacteria in the plaque produce acid (酸). More acid is created when someone eats food which has sugar or starch. Candy and cookie are sugary foods. Potato chips have starch. The acid from the bacteria goes to work on the teeth. Each tooth has a protective covering called enamel (釉质). Its the ha
13、rdest material in the body. But the acid is strong enough to eat through the enamel. This creates tooth decay (蛀蚀).Next, the acid can work its way inside the tooth. Under the enamel is softer material called dentine. Acid quickly eats through the dentine, creating a hole called a cavity. Then the ac
14、id can reach the pulp (髓) inside the dentine. The pulp has blood vessels (血管) that feed the tooth. It also has nerves (神经). When the nerves get hurt, a person may feel a toothache.A dentist should fix tooth decay. Bodies can repair broken bones but not decayed teeth. Thats because enamel and dentine
15、 arent living things. Dentists clean out the decay and fill the space with strong material.But tooth decay should be prevented in the first place. People should visit the dentist twice a year. Dentists clean and examine the teeth. They can treat any tooth problems early. People should also take care
16、 of their own teeth. To remove bits of food, bacteria, and acid, people should clean them between their teeth at least once a day. They should also brush their teeth at least twice a dayeven when they dont feel like it!36What is the purpose of the article?ATo explain how bacteria work. BTo give a ta
17、lk on tooth health.CTo advertise for a dentist hospital. DTo remind people to care about tooth health.37What does acid do?AIt makes teeth stronger. BIt eats through tooth enamel.CIt produces bacteria in the mouth. DIt cleans the teeth and protects them.38What is a cavity in Paragraph 3?AA hole in th
18、e tooth. BA protective covering.CA vessel in the pulp. DA nerve inside the tooth.39Why cant your body repair decayed teeth?AThe nerves are badly hurt. BCavities are too hard to fix.CEnamel and dentine arent living things. DThe acid eats through the dentine.40What does the title Bacteria Cafeteria me
19、an?ABacteria and cafeteria rhyme with each other.BA cafeteria serves food, and you eat food there.CYour mouth is like a cafeteria where bacteria can grow.DYou eat in a cafeteria, and it has a lot of bacteria growing there.C（2020 南通市启东市中考三模） If you could be anybody in the world,who would it be？ Your
20、neighbor or a super star？ A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person，thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）equipment.Rikke Wahl，an actress，model and artist,was one of the participants（参与者）in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab，a proje
21、ct developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona.She swapped with her partner，an actor,using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily （asting only for a short time） became a man.As I looked down,I saw my whole body as a man,dressed in my partners pants， she said.Thats the pict
22、ure I remember best.The equipment is relatively simple.Both users wear a vitual reality headset with a camera on the top.The video from each camera is sent to the other person，so what you see is the exact view of your partner.If she moves her arm,you see it.If you move your arm,she sees it.To get us
23、ed to seeing another persons body without actually having control of it，participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly,so that the other can follow along.Finall,this kind of slow synchronised（ 同步的） movement becomes comfortable,and participants really start to feel as though they are l
24、iving in another persons body.By using such technology it is likely to change peoples behaviour afterwards possibly for the better.Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism（种族主义） the bias（偏见） that humans have against those who dont look or sound like them.Researcher
25、s at the University of Barcelona gave the participants a questionnaire test called the Implicit Association Test,which measures（衡量） the strength of peoples associations between black people and adjectives such as good or bad,athletic or awkward（笨拙的）.Then they asked the participants to control the bo
26、dy of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses.After that，the participants took the questionnaire test once again.This time，the participants bias scores were lower.So the idea is that once youveput yourself in anothers shoes，youre less likely to think ill of them,because your b
27、rain has experienced the feeling of being that person.The creators ofThe Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result.At the end of body swapping,people feel like holding each other in their arms， says Arthur Pointeau,a programmer with the project.Its a really nice way to have this kind of
28、 experience.I would really recommend it to everyone.34The underlined word swapping in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_.Abuilding Bexchanging Ccontrolling Dproducing35We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that_.Aparticipants will live more enthusiastically (热情)after the experime
29、ntBwe can learn to take control of other peoples bodiesCour feelings are related to our bodily experienceDThe Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes36In the Implicit Association Test,before the participants used vitual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character，_.A
30、they fought more strongly against racismBthey scored lower on the test for racismCthey changed their behavior greatlyDthey had stronger racism against those unlike themD（2020 盐城市盐城中学中考三模） What is the oldest drink in the world? The answer might be tea. Thousands of years ago, Chinese people made this
31、 special drink. Today, it is part of peoples daily lives not only in China, but also in the rest of the world.In 2019, the United Nations announced May 21 to be International Tea Day. The purpose is to remind people of teas value.The cultural value of tea is in old traditions and daily habits. In Ch
32、ina, people use best-quality tea when receiving important guests. British people are well-known for their afternoon tea, while in Russia, the beautiful teapot has become a symbol of Russian culture.The more people keep drinking tea as a habit and tradition, the more economically (在经济上) important tea becomes. According to Xinhua, China comes first in the world in total tea-planting
