1、南开大学基础英语南开大学2011年基础英语考研真题Part I Vocabulary (本题共20分, 每题l分)Fill in the blanks with the words given below Change the form if necessary. Each word can be used only once.bigotoverridepaltryslumptantrumhonecravenhallucinatevirtuositycharismapedagogyliquidatetemporaledifyconsecratesimulatehavocwaverincurep
2、hemeral1. The new government pledged to make every effort to stabilize its economy by _ national debts. 2. She proposed that should be recognized as one of the major disciplines in her school. 3. The pirates made along the coast.4. One of them put forward a(n) proposal for putting up the white flag.
3、 5. Facts are recorded in the annals with the coloring of prejudice and . 6. The American national character was sharp during the Westward Expansion. 7. The scientists carried out an audio-visual of the beginning of the universe.8. The management offered us a(n) 3 salary increase. 9. Henry between a
4、ccepting and refusing10. This battle-field is to the memory of the soldiers who died here. 11. The pianist was applauded for his incredible . 12. Sales by 20last year.13. The Church has no power in the modern country. 14. He could never be a film star; hes got no . 15. No one would claim that the fi
5、lm is morally . 16. He insisted on his own way and all advice and objections.17. As soon as the drug took effect, she started .18. Some kid threw a (n) in the middle of the store.19. Fashions are by nature fickle and .20. The hurricane caused terrible .Part Cloze (本题共l0分, 每空l分)To understand the mark
6、eting concept it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the 1 production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of theses goods as possible. Such production and se
7、lling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then 2 them into money. Marketing 3 focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods 4 will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the
8、 marketing concept, which simply means that 5 trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevolent
9、or that consumer satisfaction is given 6 over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transactionthe firm and customerand each must he satisfied 7 trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding a
10、nd 8 customers. In mid-1985, Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. A significant portion of the public did not accept the new flavor, bring about a 9 restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed 10 the new, King Customers ruled. 1. A. productive B. efficient C. affluent D. proficien
11、t2. A. convert B. transform C. switch D. modify3. A. on the contrary B. in the meantime C. however D. on the other hand4. A. what B. then C. that D. and5. A. ahead of B. while C. prior to D. instead of6. A. superiority B. privilege C. prejudice D. priority7. A. before B. After C. while D. then8. A.
12、looking up to B. adjusting to C. catering to D. adapting to9. A. proper B. prompt C. prominent D. profound10. A. by B. with C. alongside D. asPart Reading Comprehension (本题共40分, 每题2分) Question 15 are based on the following passage：Historically, the primary responsibility for the rearing of young chi
13、ldren belonged almost exclusively to the parents, especially the father. It was not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth century that the State was willing to remove a young child from direct supervision of negligent or abusive parents. Even so, in order to reduce welfare costs to the rest
14、of the community, a destitute family in early America, incapable of supporting its own members, was sometimes broken up and the children placed in other households.During the eighteenth and nineteenth century the mothers role in the upbringing of children was enhanced：Women became the primary provid
15、ers of care and affection; and as mens church membership declined, women also became responsible for the catechizing and education of young children, even though they often were less literate than men. While childrearing manuals continued to acknowledge the importance of the father, they also recogn
16、ized that the mother had become the major figure in the care of the young.Throughout much of Western history, as long as children remained in the home, parents exercised considerable control over them, even to the extent of arranging their marriages and influencing their cater choices. Children were
17、 expected to be obedient and to contribute to the well-being of the family. And, perhaps more in Western Europe than in America, children were often expected to turn over almost all of their earnings directly to the parentssometimes even after they had left home. By the late eighteenth or early nine
18、teenth century some of this control had been eroded, and the rights of children as individuals were increasingly recognized and acknowledged. Interestingly, the development of childrens rights has proceeded so rapidly and so far that we may now be in the midst of a backlash, as efforts are being mad
19、e to re-establish parental responsibility in areas such as the reproductive behavior of minor children. Clearly there have been major changes in the way our society treats children; but it would be very difficult for many of us to agree on the costs and benefits of these trendswhether from the viewp
20、oint of the child, the parents, or society. Why many applaud the increasing individualism and freedom of children within the family, other lament the loss of family responsibility and discipline. A historical analysis of parents and children cannot settle such disputes, but it can provide us with a
21、better appreciation of the flexibility and resilience of the family as an institution for raising the young. 1. Before the late nineteenth century in America, the rearing of children was the responsibility _.A. solely on the part of the household communityB. mainly on the part of the householdC. sol
22、ely on the part of the fatherD. solely on the part of the mother2. The word “destitute” can best be replaced by . A. poor B. big C. rich D. irresponsible3. It can be learned from the second paragraph that during the 18th and 19th century .A. women enjoyed equal education with menB. womens social sta
23、tus was greatly improvedC. men maintained their key role in child raising D. womens education was still less than mens4. As mentioned by the author, efforts to re-establish parental responsibility are .A. to share community welfare burdenB. in concern of minor childrens creative behaviorC. in concer
24、n of teenage parentsD. to better control minor childrens expenditure5 Regarding the way American children are treated, the author is apparently .A. in favor of it B. worried about it C. upset about it D. against itQuestion 610 are based on the following passage：Richard Satava, program manager for ad
25、vanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual” or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners. “With virtual reality well be able to put a surgeon in every trench.” said Satava. He envisaged a t
26、ime when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers. The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets that contain a small screen displaying
27、 the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.Although Satavas vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an internation
28、al organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to th
29、e surgeon on force, textures, and sound. These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from
30、 computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path the tumor. Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their
31、positions While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patients brain taken before surgery. During these proceduresoperations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tool
32、s are maneuvered-surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can. Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine.”6. According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine .A. will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield B. can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefi
