1、英语写作专题 第3课 如何写好并列句英语写作专题 第3课 如何写好并列句前言：写作过程中我们会遇到两个或更多的相关的思想，如用简单句来表达这些密切相关的思想，就不能更好地表现出它们之间的关系。再者，如果通篇文章都是简单句，尽管文章将要点内容都覆盖了，阅卷时得分也不会很高。在这种情况下，就要适当使用并列句和复合句，提高文章的可读性与质量。 本节课主要训练并列句的写作。其实方法很简单：可根据个要点形成几个简单句，再将简单句中有内在逻辑联系的句子用适当的并列连词合并为并列句。目标：1. 掌握并列句的概念；2. 灵活运用并列连词。方法：1. 自主学习，小组合作讨论； 2. 讲授要点。导入：英语中，一个
2、句子的判断标准：一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词。英语中，两个句子不能像中文一样随意连接，而必须通过以下的三种方式中任何一种来进行连接，这就是英语的“两个句子连接方式”。并列句：两个及两个以上的简单句用并列连词或特殊标点符号在一起构成的句子叫并列句。特征： （1）无主从句之分； （2）可独立存在。一、并列连词的意义与作用1 由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。2 并列句的基本句型：简单句 + 并列连词（或连接副词）+ 简单句3 所有并列连词（或连接副词）的归类与功能的概括并列连词其它意思相似的并列连词/副词在句子中表示的意思andfurthermore, besides, in a
3、ddition, moreover, also, likewise(同样地,也,又), not onlybut also并列或递进（基本词义：此外，而且）But, yethowever, nevertheless, still, in contrast, while对比（基本词义：但是，然而）for原因（因为）orotherwise选择（基本词义：或者，否则，不然的话）soconsequently, therefore, thus, accordingly, then结果（因此，所以）norneither否定选择（也不） and:连接两个同等概念。1) and 连接并列的两个人或事物，在肯定句
4、中用and, 在否定句中用or 。 They can sing and dance. They can hardly see or hear.2) 在双重否定句中，有时状语成分的并列用and，但并列成分出现在主句中，用or 不用and .Man cant live without air and water. Without gravity, there would be no air or sound of any kind.3) 可以连接表示条件和结果的句子。 A 祈使句 ， and + 陈述句。 Work hard and you will succeed. B 名词（词组），and +
5、 陈述句。 One more effort, and you will succeed.注：表“否则”，用or，or else 或 otherwise 。 Hurry up , or you wont make the train. Hurry up or else youll be late. Do it now, otherwise it will be too late 4) 两个关系十分密切的人或物用and连接可以看成一个意群或惯用词组。作主语时谓语用单数。 Knife and fork is necessary for some foreigners to eat with. Bre
6、ad and butter is what I like best. Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit.5) and有时可译成“而” ， 这时不用but .I went home and she stayed at the station. I am a teacher and she is a student.not onlybut (also) 不但而且 She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.注意：not only but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定
7、词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.but : 连接意义相反的短语或句子 He is very young but he knows a lot .1) 用在某些否定词后，表示“只”（前有 do 后无to ，前无do 后有to ） She knows no one but you. He did nothing but sit there thinking. He had no choice but to lie down to sleep.2) 表示“除了” Wh
8、o but a fool would do such a thing? Everybody is here but Paul.3) Im sorry but .注：but表示转折，while表示对比。Some people love cats, while others hate them. however : 可放句末，句首或用逗号隔开。 yet作副词用，用于否定句表示“还”；用于疑问句表示“已经”；作连词表示“但是，却”。 I havent enough data yet . Has he come yet? I have failed, yet I shall try again. wh
9、ile 1) 表对比, “而” Tom is singing while Mary is dancing .2）引导让步状语从句，“虽然” While almost everybody knows him , nobody likes him .3) 引导时间状语从句，主句动作与从句动作同时发生，从句必须用延续性动词。She listened while he read. or “或者，还是” Would you like coffee or tea? The sea can be blue or green or grey. “否则” （见and 用法）8rather than “而不是”
10、It was what he meant rather than what he said. 这是他的原意而不是他的原话。补充： “宁愿而不愿” prefer to do sth. rather than do sth./ prefer doing sth. rather than doing sth. or rather “更确切的说”I prefer to go to school rather than stay at home. 我宁愿上学而不愿留在家。He preferred doing something to doing nothing. 他宁愿做事不愿什么也不干。I prefe
11、r beef rather than pork. 我宁愿吃牛肉也不吃猪肉。He played the computer game till late last night, or rather, early this morning.昨天他玩电脑游戏到深夜,或者跟确切地说,到今天凌晨.for 表示对前面句子进行解释，不能放句首，常用逗号与前面分句隔开，也可以不用. because指直接原因，回答why的问题，常放在主句后面。 as比because弱，表示显而易见的原因，常放在句首。 since now that “既然”，常放句首。He is absent because he is ill.
12、 他不来因为他病了。As you are the oldest, you should take care of the others. 由于你最大，你应该照顾其他人。Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了，咱们开会吧。It is morning, for the birds are singing in the trees. 鸟叫了，早晨来了。eithernor 意思为既不也不谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。 Neither you nor he is to blame.二、 辨清不同功
13、能的并列连词在写作中，我们必须认真分析被连接起来的简单句之间内在的逻辑关系，然后选择恰当的并列连词，才能真正写出质量好的并列句。请认真研读以下并列句，分析其逻辑关系。试试看，如果用别的功能的并列句连词替换，逻辑关系是否会仍然成立？a.He works hard, and he plays hard too.分析：在分句1的意思的基础上有递进。其含义相当于：He not only works hard, but also plays hard. / He plays hard as well as works hard.b. I was tired, but I felt happy. 分析：分
14、句2的意思不是分句1意思的顺接，而是出现转折的结果。c. We stayed at home, for it was raining. 分析：分句2是分句1的原因的补充。d. It was cold, so we decided to stay at home. 分析：分句2是分句1的结果。e. Hurry up, or youll be late for class. 分析：分句2是与分句1的结果相反的结果。由以上的分析可见，并列连词的选择也是要遵循句子间的逻辑关系的，如果不小心，同样会犯逻辑错误。三、课堂练习（一） 选择恰当的并列连接词填空。1. Mr. Smith is an Engli
15、sh teacher _ he teaches us English.2. When you are learning English, use it as often as possible, _ you might drop it.3. Its a long story, _ there are few new words in it, _ it will be easy for children.4. I dont agree with you, _does my partner.5. He broke the rules of the school; _he had to leave.
16、6. I dont know anything against the man; _I trust him.7. Ill buy a new suit when I get the cheque for the work I did; _, Im afraid this old one will have to do a bit longer.8. _is your answer wrong _mine is.9. You must work harder; _you will be put into another class.（二） 请根据并列句的逻辑关系加上恰当的并列连词，将两个句子合并
17、为一个并列句。1. This will cost quite some money. Its worthwhile in a long run._2.He would have won the game easily. He fell and broke his leg._3.Shakespeare was a writer. Shakespeare was also an actor._4.He had failed many times. He was confident that he would succeed in the end._5.Donna wasnt satisfied w
18、ith her own achievement. Donna was not satisfied with the teams performance._ 6. Girls are jealous of Mary. Mary is very beautiful and successful._7.The chance is slim. They never give up hope._8.The moon was hidden entirely behind the dark clouds. Not a single star could be seen._9. Please start ea
19、rly. You can go there in time. _10. She sings well. She dances beautifully. _11. You dont like it. Your sister doesnt like it . _（三） 用并列句翻译下列句子。1昨天我生日，很多同学送给我礼物。 _XX文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我2. 书籍增长了我们的见识，开拓了我们的视野。XX文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我_ _3.地震中有10人死亡，3000多人无家可归。_4 兄弟俩很不同。一个喜欢看书，另一个喜欢运动。_5 宠物通常很脏，甚至有的会伤人。_ _6 追求时尚
20、没有什么不好，但我们要把注意集中在学习上。_7 过去，我们不但没有时间休息，而且没有时间做自己想做的事。_8 通过做兼职，我们不但可以学到书本以外的东西，而且可以积累重要的社会经验。_ (四)基础写作以“如何学好英语”为题，写一篇五个句子的短文。要求包括下列全部要点，并尽量使用并列句。1.你必须每天听英语材料。 2. 听力是英语学习中最基本的一部分。3.你必须保证阅读练习，否则你在理解力文章时速会很慢。4.每天早上背诵是很重要的。在课余在声朗读也有好处。5.写作很必要。你不必写很多，但必须学会每一种写作类型的写作技巧。此外，遇到困难时，你要保持冷静，也不要放弃。短文的开头与结尾已为你写好。Le
21、arning English is not an easy job at all. You should always remember that “No pain, no gains.”_并列句练习答案：（一）1and 2or 3but，so 4. nor/neither 5.therefore 6. however 7. nevertheless 8. not onlybut also 9.otherwise（二）1. This will cost quite some money; nevertheless, its worthwhile in a long run.2. He woul
22、d have won the game easily; however, he fell and broke his leg.3. Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor.4. He had failed many times, but/yet he was confident that he would succeed in the end.5. Donna was neither satisfied with her own achievement nor with the teams performance.6. Girls
23、 are jealous of Mary, for she is very beautiful and successful.7. The chance is slim but they never give up hope. / The chance is slim, yet they never give up hope.8. The moon was hidden entirely behind the dark clouds, and/so not a single star could be seen.9. Start early, and you can get there in
24、time.10. Not only does she sing well, but also she dances beautifully.11. Neither you nor your sister likes it.（三）1. It was my birthday yesterday, so many classmates gave me presents.2. Books not only enrich our knowledge but (also) widen our minds.3. Ten people were killed in the earthquake, and more than 3000 people were left homeless.4. The brothers are very diff
