1、英语演讲选修课教案11informii英语演讲选修课教案11 Inform II山 东 理 工 大 学 教 案 第 11次课教学课型：理论课 实验课 习题课 实践课 技能课 其它主要教学内容（注明：* 重点 # 难点 ）：Informative speech 1.Speeches about objects chronological order spatial order topical order2.Speeches about processes chronological order topical order3.Speeches about events chronological
2、order causal order4.#Speeches about concepts topical order5. *Guidelines for informative speaking教学目的要求：Get students familiarize with types of informative speeches and tips for these kinds of speeches. 教学方法和教学手段：讲授； ppt讨论、思考题、作业：What are the four types of informative speeches discussed in this chapt
3、er?What are the three methods you can use to avoid abstractions in your informative speech?Presentation 3: Informative speech presentation参考资料：The art of public speakingBe a great speech maker注：教案附后 Lesson 10 Informative Speech IIInformative speech: a speech designed to convey knowledge and understa
4、nding.When your general purpose is to inform, you act as a teacher or lecturer. Your goal is to convey information -and do it clearly, accurately and interestingly, your aim is to enhance the knowledge and understanding of your listeners-to give them information they did not have before.The informat
5、ive speeches occur in a wide range of everyday situations.Types of informative speeches5.Speeches about objects6.Speeches about processes7.Speeches about events8.Speeches about concepts1.Speeches about objectsObject: anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form.Objects may have having part
6、s or to be alive, they may include places, structures, animals, or even people.You will not have time to cover everything about an object, just focus on one aspect When you organize the speech you may choose one of the three organizational methods: chronological; spatial and topical.If your specific
7、 purpose is to explain the history or evolution of your subject, you can put your speech in chronological order (A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern). For instance:Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the major achievements of Frederick DouglassCen
8、tral idea: Although born in slavery, Frederick Douglass became one of the greatest figures in American history.Main points: I. Douglass spent the first 20 years of his life as a slave in Maryland. II. After escaping to the North, Douglass became a leader in the abolitionist movement to end slavery I
9、II. During the Civil War, Douglass helped establish black regiments in the Union Army. IV. After the war, Douglass was a tireless champion of equal rights for his race. If your specific purpose is to describe the main features of your subject, you may organize your speech in spatial order (A method
10、of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern).Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the major land regions in SpainCentral idea: There are five major land regions in Spain.Main points: I. The Northern part II. The western III. The central IV. The eastern V. Th
11、e Southern partSome of the speeches about objects fall into topical order (A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics). Here is an example:Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the major alternative-fuel cars now being deve
12、loped.Central idea: The major alternative-fuel cars now being developed are powered by electricity, natural gas, methanol, or hydrogen.Main points: I. one kind of alternative-fuel car is powered by electricity. II. A second kind of alternative-fuel car is powered by natural gas. III. A third kind of
13、 alternative-fuel car is powered by methanol. IV. A fourth kind of alternative-fuel car is powered by hydrogen.Other methods of speech organization:Causal order: A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.Problem-solution order: A method of speech organ
14、ization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.2.Speeches about processProcess: A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.Speeches of process explain how something is made, how s
15、omething is done, or how something works. When informing about a process, we will usually arrange our speech in chronological order, explaining the process step by step from beginning to end. For example:Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the major steps in the classic Japanese tea ceremo
16、ny.Central idea: There are five major steps in the classic Japanese tea ceremony.Main points: I. First, the guests approach the teahouse, taking times on the way to purify their hands. II. Second, the guests enter the tea house, admire the hanging scroll and the vase with a flower arrangement, and s
17、eat themselves. III. Third, the tea master prepares a bowl of tea for each guest, following the prescribed ritual. IV. Fourth, each guest in turn takes exactly three and a half sips of tea. V. Fifth, the guests admire the tea implements, admire the interior of the teahouse, and depart. Sometimes, yo
18、u will focus on the major principles or techniques involved in performing the process. Then you will organize your speech in topical order. Each main point will deal with a separate principle or technique. For example:Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the common methods used by stage mag
19、icians to perform their tricks.Central idea: Stage magicians use two common methods to perform their tricks-mechanical devices and sleight of hand.Main points: I. Many magic tricks rely on mechanical devices that may require little skill by the magician. II. Other magic tricks depend on the magician
20、s skill in fooling people by sleight-of-hand manipulation.3. Speeches about eventsEvent: Anything that happens or is regarded as happening.There are many ways to discuss event. If your specific purpose is to recount the history of an event, you will organize your speech in chronological order, relat
21、ing the incidents one after another in the order they occurred. For example:Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the history of the disability rights movement.Central idea: The disability rights movement has made major strides during the past 40 years.Main points: I. The disability rights m
22、ovement began in Berkeley, California, during the mid-1960s. II. The movement has achieved its first major victory in 1973 with passage of the federal Rehabilitation Act. III. The movement reached another milestone in 1990 when Congress approved the Americans with Disabilities Act. IV. Today the mov
23、ement is spreading to countries beyond the U.S. If you want to explain the causes and effects, you may organize the speech in causal order. Lets say your specific purpose is “To inform my audience why so many lives were lost when the unsinkable ocean liner Titanic sank. ” Working from cause to effec
24、t, your outline might look like this:Specific purpose: To inform my audience why so many lives were lost when the unsinkable ocean liner Titanic sank Central idea: Inability to remove the passengers and crew from the doomed Titanic caused the death of more than two-thirds of those on board.Main poin
25、ts: I. There were two major causes for the great loss of life when the ship went down.A.The Titanic carried insufficient lifeboats for the number of people on board.B.On the ship California, which was nearby, the radio operator had shut down the radio and gone to sleep. II. The effects of these two
26、situations were disastrous.A.When all usable lifeboats had been filled, more than 1,500 people remained on board the Titanic.B.The California, unaware of the distress signal, steamed on which the Titanic went to the bottom.There are other ways to deal with an event besides telling what happened and
27、why it happened. You can approach an event from almost any angle or combination of angles-features, origins, implications, benefits, future developments, and so forth. In such cases, you will put your speech together in topical order. 4. Speech about conceptsConcept: A belief, theory, idea, notion,
28、principle, or the like. Speeches about concepts are usually organized in topical order. One common approach is to list the main features or aspects of your concept. For example: Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the basic principles of Afro centrism.Central idea: The basic principles of
29、Afro centrism have a theoretical and a practical dimension.Main points: I. The theoretical dimension of Afro centrism looks at historical and social events from an African rather than a European perspective. II. The practical dimension of Afro centrism calls for reforming the school curriculum to fi
30、t the needs and cultural experiences of African-American children.A more complex approach is to define the concept you are dealing with, identify its major elements, and illustrate it with specific examples. Foe instance:Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the basic principles of Islam.Cen
31、tral idea: The beliefs of Islam can be traced to the prophet Muhammad, are written in the Koran, and have produced a number of sects.Main points: I. Islam was founded by the prophet Muhammad in the early 600s. II. The teaching of Islam are written in the Koran, the holy book of Islam. III. Today Isl
32、am is divided into a number of sects, the largest of which are the Sunnis and the Shiites.As you can see from the examples, speeches about concepts are often more complex than other kinds of informative speeches. Concepts are abstract and can be very hard to explain. When explaining concepts, pay close attention to avoiding teaching technical language, you should define terms clearly, and u
