1、初中动词不定式专题讲解及练习全面语法：动词不定式动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式， 它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语 ，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动 词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语 和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。一、 构成：to do .否定式 not to do二、 常见时态：一般时 to do 进行时to be doing 完成式to have done完成进行式 to have been doing三、 动词不定式在句子中的成分1、作句子的主语:现实中常
2、用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语） 后置。比较下列句子To lear n from your frie nds is importa nt.=lt is importa nt to lear n from your frie nds . To leave without say ing goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye.To chat with Miss White is a pleasa nt thi ng.=lt is a pleasa nt thi ng to cha
3、t with Miss White.To walk to school takes me ten minu tes.=lt takes me ten minu tes to walk to school. 句型总结It is + adj. + of sb. to do sb：i= are +adj. +to do 在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如 kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前 常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢， 对，错等等）。It is very kind of you to
4、help me.It s not polite of himto speak to old people like that.It is + adj. + for sb. to do 乞aisb+Odj. +to do 女:果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个 for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。It is n ecessary for us to study hard It is easy for him to speak En glish.动词不定式作主语练习1. Its our dutythe room every day.A. to clea nB. clea ned
5、C. clea nD. cleans（甘肃省）2. Its hard for usEn glish well.A. learnB. lear nsC. to lear nD. learning（江西省）3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will the workers over a year the flyover.（ 北京市海淀区 ）4.Its very nice you to get me two tickets the World Cup.A. for ， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to（安徽省）KEYS: 1. A 2.C 3. t
6、ake, to build 4. B2、作句子的表语:不定式放在be动词后面，用作表语如：Her dream is to be a policema n.My job is to help the patie nt.Your task is to clea n the classroom.My dream is to own a robot.The doctor s suggestio nase more exercise.The best way is to talk to your pare nts.His pla n is to travel to Beijing this summer
7、. My purpose is to help you solve this problem.3、作句子的宾语:不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）彳艮多，常见的有 want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, man age, pret
8、e nd,I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.They began to read and write.She forgot to close the door.He wan ted to borrow my CD player.I hope to speak En glish well.The workers demanded to get better pay .I hope to hear from you soon.Joh n does n want to be the host of the charity
9、 show.They are trying to solve the problem by himself.Millio ns of people have learned to use computers.有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doi ng sth. 忘记曾经做过某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事go on to do sth.继续做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做原来在做的事n eed to do sth.需要做某事nee
10、d doi ng sth. 需要被做Don t forgfeo turn off the lights before leaving.Father must stop smok ing.This bike n eeds repairi ng/me nding.注意1 ：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放在后面，用 it作形式主语，构成 主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构I found it necessary to talk to him again.I found it important to lear n En glish.I fond it diffi
11、cult to lear n physics.注意2 :常用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 want, ask, tell, order, get,wish, allow, invite, teach, encourage, beg, 等。构成 “ vt,+sb.+(not)to do sth. 结构。The teacher told us to read the text.He asked me not to tell you the news.His pare nts did n t allow him to play.I expect you to give me some he
12、lp.Mr.Lu asks ue to hand in our homework on time.The docter advised Mr. Gree n to drink more water.Mr. Wu tells the students not to shout in classMrs. Read whishes her son to learn English well.注意3 :不定式作宾补省去to的情况（在被动语态中则to不能省掉）常用省去to的动词不定式作补足语的动词有：一感（feel ）、二听（hear, listen to ）、 三让(make, let, have )
13、、四看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe )、半帮助 help (可 带 to，也可不带 to help sb (to) do sth )make sb.do sth.liste n to sb.do sth.n my door. The boss made the girl to wrk ten hour a day.You must watch me tdlo everything I felt some one tofeel sb.do sth.make sb.do sth.watch sb.do sth.I made him tblo his w
14、ork. Please liste n to me to_s ing this song aga in.In ternet bars must n lett an ybody watch bad thin gs, especially childre n. letsb.do sth.He ofte n helps （to） clea n the room.Mr. Zhang always helps us （to） learn English.被动语to要加上He was made to do his work （by me）They are made to work for 12 hours
15、 a day.He was heard to speak in the n ext room.Joh n was made to wash the car for a week as a puni shme nt.The patie nt was warned not to eat food after the operati on.Intern et bars mustn t let anybody watch bad things, especially children.动词不定式作宾语练习1.He wants some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to
16、 buy D. buys （ 山西省）2.Dont forget your homework with you whe n you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking （福建省）3.He found it very difficult A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep （ 湖南省）4.Robert ofte n asks us his Chin ese, so his Chin ese is much better tha n before.A.
17、help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with （ 江苏省）5.Mr Li ofte n teaches his Japa nese friends Chin ese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked （ 甘肃省）6.We saw him the buildi ng and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered （ 河南省）7.So much work usually makes them _
18、very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeli ng D. feel8.Your father is sleep ing. Youd better .A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up （ 陕西省）9.I was made my homework in the after noon.A. do B. doi ng C. to do D. didKeys : 1. C 2. A 3. D 4.B 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9.
19、 C4、作句子的定语:|不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如果不定式中 的动词是不及物动词，则不定式中要有介词.I want to get somethi ng to read duri ng the holiday.We have a lot work to do .She is the first pers on to think of the idea.I have someth ing in terest ing to tell you.He is look ing for a room to live in . live 是不及物动词There is nothing f
20、or us to worry about. worry 是不及物动词Mr Wu is always the first to come and the last to leave. There is no n eed to trouble him. 没有必要去烦他Have you got anything importa nt to tell me? 重要的事情去告诉我I ve gobthing to worry about. 没有什么去担心I m thirsty. Gie me something to drink. 给我些东西去喝Spring is the best seas on to
21、pla nt trees. 春季是最好的季节去种树We all have a cha nee to go to college. 我们都有机会去上大学动词不定式作定语练习1.Would you like somethi ng ?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks （ 湖北省）2.I have a lot of homework .A. do B. doing C. did D. to do （ 河南省）3.He is not an easy man .A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get
22、 on with （ 山东省）5、作句子的状语：动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语，可作目的、结果、原因状语。come to do sth.go to do sth.stop to do sth.in order （not） to dotoo + adj. + to do sth.adj.adv. + eno ugh to do sthso as to ,eno ugh to ,on ly to ,She came here to borrow an En glish book. （目的）Let s stop to have a rest.She is too young to go to s
23、chool. （结果）He runs fast eno ugh to catch a horse.I m sorry to make youwait here so long. （原因）We are surprised to see such beautiful ani mals.In order to improve his English, Tom goes to the English corner every day.I was too tired to fall sleep.She ran fast to catch the first bus.He is rich eno ugh
24、to buy a car.A group of young people got together to discuss this questi on. 目的In order to help him, we would do everything we can.（ 目的）I m too tired to do well.结果He is old eno ugh to go to school . 结果动词不定式做状语练习1.She went her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing （ 江西省）2.Meimei likes En glish
25、very much. She does her best En glish well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns （四川省）3.Im sorry that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear （ 河北省）4.Im sorry you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled （ 吉林省）5.My mother was very glad her old frie nd.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets6
26、.The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.（ 改为意思相同的句子 ）The hole such a fat panda to go through.（ 广东省）7.The ice on the lake was so thin that people could nt skate on it.（ 改为意思相同的句子 ）The ice on the lake was nt eno ugh _ people .（ 广东省）KEYS : 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A6. is， too， small， for 7.
27、 thick ， for， to， skate ， on六、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词 what, which, who 或疑问副词how, when, where, why 等。这种结构起名 词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是， why后面的不定式不带to。例如：I don t know what to try next. （作宾语）Where to go is not decided yet. (作主语)注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。What to do n ext?(=What will we / you do next?)W
28、hy go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why not have a rest?How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.)I really don t kncwhat to write about.(=what I should write about)The trouble is where to put the machine.(二where we should put the machine)I a
29、sked him how to learn English well.(二how I could learn English well)He did n t kwihat to say.How to solve the problem is very important.My questio n is when to start.Please show us how to use the computer.I don t kwbwt to buy for you.动词不定式专项练习：一、填空1.你父亲愿意去购物吗？ 不，他宁可在家听音乐。 Does your father want to go
30、 shopp ing? No， he at home.2.他们觉得有必要帮助残疾人。They found the disabled.3.奥黛丽.赫本大部分时间致力于电影事业。Audrey Hepburn the film industry.4.叫孩子们不要轻视穷人。Tell the poor.5.He .(宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影)6. Father (习惯于看报)after supper.7 . If some one laughs at you, you should 不理睬)KEYS:1,prefers to would rather listen to music2,it (was)
31、 necessary to help3,devoted most of her time to4,children not to look down on5,prefers staying at home to going to the cinema6,is used to reading newspapers ,7,pay no attention to him二，选择1.My teacher was made his teachi ng because of poor health.A.giving up B. to give up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants once more.A. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is con sidered the n orther n part of
