1、如何做得更好TEDHowtoGetBetterattheThingsYouCa如何做得更好TED-How-to-Get-Better-at-the-Things-You-Care-AboutLTzone maximizes our growthand our future performance.The reason many of us dont improve muchdespite our hard work is that we tend to spend almost all of our time in the performance zone.This hinders our g
2、rowth,and ironically, over the long term, also our performance.2:09So what does the learning zone look like?Take Demosthenes, a political leaderand the greatest orator and lawyer in ancient Greece.To become great, he didnt spend all his timejust being an orator or a lawyer,which would be his perform
3、ance zone.But instead, he did activities designed for improvement. Of course, he studied a lot.He studied law and philosophy with guidance from mentors,but he also realized that being a lawyer involved persuading other people,so he also studied great speechesand acting.To get rid of an odd habit he
4、had of involuntarily lifting his shoulder,he practiced his speeches in front of a mirror,and he suspended a sword from the ceilingso that if he raised his shoulder,it would hurt.2:54(Laughter)2:56To speak more clearly despite a lisp,he went through his speeches with stones in his mouth.He built an u
5、nderground roomwhere he could practice without interruptionsand not disturb other people.And since courts at the time were very noisy,he also practiced by the ocean,projecting his voice above the roar of the waves.3:14His activities in the learning zonewere very different from his activities in cour
6、t,his performance zone. In the learning zone,he did what Dr. Anders Ericsson calls deliberate practice.This involves breaking down abilities into component skills,being clear about what subskill were working to improve,like keeping our shoulders down,giving full concentration to a high level of chal
7、lengeoutside our comfort zone,just beyond what we can currently do,using frequent feedback with repetition and adjustments, and ideally engaging the guidance of a skilled coach,because activities designed for improvementare domain-specific,and great teachers and coaches know what those activities ar
8、eand can also give us expert feedback.It is this type of practice in the learning zonewhich leads to substantial improvement, not just time on task performing.For example, research shows that after the first couple of years working in a profession,performance usually plateaus.This has been shown to
9、be true in teaching, general medicine,nursing and other fields,and it happens because once we think we have become good enough,adequate,then we stop spending time in the learning zone.We focus all our time on just doing our job,performing,which turns out not to be a great way to improve.But the peop
10、le who continue to spend time in the learning zonedo continue to always improve.The best salespeople at least once a weekdo activities with the goal of improvement.They read to extend their knowledge, consult with colleagues or domain experts,try out new strategies, solicit feedback and reflect.The
11、best chess playersspend a lot of time not playing games of chess,which would be their performance zone, but trying to predict the moves grand masters made and analyzing them.Each of us has probably spent many, many, many hourstyping on a computerwithout getting faster,but if we spent 10 to 20 minute
12、s each dayfully concentrating on typing 10 to 20 percent fasterthan our current reliable speed,we would get faster,especially if we also identified what mistakes were makingand practiced typing those words.Thats deliberate practice.5:23In what other parts of our lives,perhaps that we care more about
13、,are we working hard but not improving muchbecause were always in the performance zone?Now, this is not to say that the performance zone has no value.It very much does.When I needed a knee surgery, I didnt tell the surgeon,Poke around in there and focus on what you dont know.5:43(Laughter)5:44Well l
14、earn from your mistakes!I looked for a surgeon who I felt would do a good job,and I wanted her to do a good job.Being in the performance zoneallows us to get things done as best as we can.It can also be motivating,and it provides us with information to identify what to focus on nextwhen we go back t
15、o the learning zone.So the way to high performanceis to alternate between the learning zone and the performance zone,purposefully building our skills in the learning zone,then applying those skills in the performance zone.6:15When Beyonc is on tour,during the concert, shes in her performance zone,bu
16、t every night when she gets back to the hotel room,she goes right back into her learning zone.She watches a video of the show that just ended.She identifies opportunities for improvement,for herself, her dancers and her camera staff.And the next morning,everyone receives pages of notes with what to
17、adjust,which they then work on during the day before the next performance.Its a spiralto ever-increasing capabilities, but we need to know when we seek to learn, and when we seek to perform,and while we want to spend time doing both,the more time we spend in the learning zone,the more well improve.6
18、:54So how can we spend more time in the learning zone?First, we must believe and understandthat we can improve,what we call a growth mindset.Second, we must want to improve at that particular skill. There has to be a purpose we care about,because it takes time and effort.Third, we must have an idea
19、about how to improve,what we can do to improve,not how I used to practice the guitar as a teenager,performing songs over and over again,but doing deliberate practice.And fourth, we must be in a low-stakes situation,because if mistakes are to be expected,then the consequence of making them must not b
20、e catastrophic,or even very significant.A tightrope walker doesnt practice new tricks without a net underneath,and an athlete wouldnt set out to first try a new moveduring a championship match.7:44One reason that in our liveswe spend so much time in the performance zoneis that our environments often
21、 are, unnecessarily, high stakes.We create social risks for one another,even in schools which are supposed to be all about learning,and Im not talking about standardized tests.I mean that every minute of every day,many students in elementary schools through collegesfeel that if they make a mistake,
22、others will think less of them.No wonder theyre always stressed outand not taking the risks necessary for learning.But they learn that mistakes are undesirableinadvertentlywhen teachers or parents are eager to hear just correct answersand reject mistakes rather than welcome and examine themto learn
23、from them,or when we look for narrow responsesrather than encourage more exploratory thinkingthat we can all learn from.When all homework or student work has a number or a letter on it,and counts towards a final grade,rather than being used for practice, mistakes, feedback and revision,we send the m
24、essage that school is a performance zone.8:43The same is true in our workplaces.In the companies I consult with, I often see flawless execution cultureswhich leaders foster to encourage great work.But that leads employees to stay within what they knowand not try new things,so companies struggle to i
25、nnovate and improve,and they fall behind.9:00We can create more spaces for growthby starting conversations with one anotherabout when we want to be in each zone.What do we want to get better at and how?And when do we want to execute and minimize mistakes?That way, we gain clarity about what success
26、is,when, and how to best support one another.9:21But what if we find ourselves in a chronic high-stakes settingand we feel we cant start those conversations yet?Then here are three things that we can still do as individuals.First, we can create low-stakes islands in an otherwise high-stakes sea.Thes
27、e are spaces where mistakes have little consequence.For example, we might find a mentor or a trusted colleaguewith whom we can exchange ideas or have vulnerable conversationsor even role-play.Or we can ask for feedback-oriented meetings as projects progress.Or we can set aside time to read or watch
28、videos or take online courses.Those are just some examples.Second, we can execute and perform as were expected,but then reflect on what we could do better next time,like Beyonc does,and we can observe and emulate experts.The observation, reflection and adjustment is a learning zone.And finally, we c
29、an leadand lower the stakes for others by sharing what we want to get better at,by asking questions about what we dont know,by soliciting feedback and by sharing our mistakesand what weve learned from them, so that others can feel safe to do the same.10:26Real confidence is about modeling ongoing le
30、arning.What if, instead of spending our lives doing, doing, doing,performing, performing, performing,we spent more time exploring,asking,listening, experimenting, reflecting,striving and becoming?What if we each always had somethingwe were working to improve?What if we created more low-stakes island
31、sand waters?And what if we got clear, within ourselves and with our teammates,about when we seek to learn and when we seek to perform, so that our efforts can become more consequential,our improvement never-endingand our best even better?11:18Thank you.0：11我们中的大部分人都在尝试尽我们所能做的一切，无论是我们的工作，家庭，学校还是其他任何事
32、情。我觉得这样。我尽力了。不过前段时间，我来到了一个认识，对于我最关心的事情，无论是作为一个丈夫还是一个朋友，还是一个职业或者队友，我并没有好多了，所以我花了很多时间努力工作。我已经从通过谈话和自己的研究意识到，即使努力工作，这种停滞也是很常见的。0：50我想和大家分享一些原因，为什么会这样，我们都可以做什么。我所学到的是，任何领域中最有效的人员和团队，我们都是模仿生活故意在两个区域之间交替的生活：学习区域和表演区域。1：09学习区是我们的目标是提高。然后，我们做音乐设计改进，集中在我们掌握的方面，这意味着我们必须期待犯错误，知道我们将从中学习。这与我们在演出区域所做的工作有很大的不同，当我们的目标是尽可能地做一些事情来执行。然后我们集中在我们已经掌握的，我们尝试1：35这些区域应该是我们生活的一部分，但是要清楚我们想要在每一个人身上，以什么目标，重点和期望，帮助我们更好地表现和更好的改善。性能区域最大限度地提高了我们的即时性能。学习区域最大化了我们的发展和
