1、中考英语考点总动员系列 专题18 书面表达2019年中考英语考点总动员系列 专题18 书面表达聚焦考点温习理解中考英语写作指导目前中考英语作文是一种“半开放性的命题作文”，概括起来，它含有四个方面的要求：内容、语言和形式及自己的观点。内容是按照题目的要求和指令去写，不得遗漏任何一个要求；不能随意发挥去写一些与主题无关的话。语言的要求是正确、恰当、清楚、连贯，要有至少两个复杂句。在形式上首先要体裁格式正确，单词的大小写正确、标点符号正确以及词数在100个词左右。自己的观点要符合题目要求，要与考生学习和生活实际相符。中考英语作文是考查学生综合运用英语能力的一种重要形式，中考英语作文在中考英语试卷中
2、占据15分，在中考英语中起着举足轻重的作用。作文质量的好与差，得分悬殊很大，将对考生中考总成绩带来很大影响。 写作2步思路、再加3步骤【思路】：审好题仔细审查所给的内容提示（包括文字和图表等），明确要求写的内容，确定文章的体裁、人称、时态等，理顺思路，确定主旨。看要点，写片段对于易于表达的内容，一次成句；对于一时难于表达的内容，写出词组。此时，既注意不遗漏内容要点，也不要随意添加任何内容。【步骤】：定句型，连词成句这个环节是成文的关键，一定要注意做到：（1）选用比较有把握的词汇，用恰当的句型写出确切反映内容要求的句子。在熟悉的基础上，鼓励多用高级词汇和结构复杂的复杂句。如表达“为了”时，可用i
3、n order to do 或 so as to do.也可用so that引导目的状语从句。（2）写出的句子要达意，完整，语法正确，合乎习惯，特别是句式、谓语动词形式要有根有据。（3）表达限定的内容有困难时，就要想到“All roads lead to Rome.”（条条大路通罗马）这句话，用变通的方法，以达到“曲径通幽”。如要译“他表哥外强中干”这样一句话，表达起来似乎很难，但我们完全可以通过学过的东西将这句话明白贴切地表达出来：His cousin looks strong but in fact, he is rather weak.（4）尽量避免使用汉语式的英语。例如要表达“她睡得很
4、迟”，不可写成：She slept very late.应该写成：She went to bed very late.因为“sleep late”表示“睡懒觉”。又如要表达“他一点都不担心他的英语”，不可写成：He is not a little worried about his English.实际上意思完全相反，表达成“他非常担心他的英语”了。应该是：He is not a bit worried about his English. 或：He is not worried about his English at all.连词成句，添减相宜单句写出后，根据短文的内容要求，确定先写什么，
5、后写什么，按照表述内容的情节发展和实际需要，重新排列组合已写成的句子，划分必要的段落，一般分成三段。即：文章的开头（Introduction）、文章的主体(Main body)和文章的结尾(Conclusion).这样写成文章的初稿。在连词成句的过程中，还要注意以下几点：（1）句子或段落间的连接不仅仅是个语言问题，也是个逻辑思维方面的问题，这两者是不能分开的。能注意到这一点，你的文章就能达到条理清楚、层次分明的境界。（2）为了使句子或段落语义连贯，表达合理准确，可以适当加入一些连接词语。如表达转折可用but, however, otherwise等，表达递进可用and, also, besid
6、es, Whats more等，表达因果so, therefore, as a result等，表达对比可用at the same time, mean while，while等，表达让步可用though, although, even if等。有时还需要加入一些必要的过渡句子以达到承上启下的效果。（3）仔细推敲在文章的哪些地方可用复杂句。切忌生搬硬套，给人一种为了用复杂句而用复杂句的感觉。要用得自然、得体。要顺应行文的需要，与整个文章浑然一体。尽量使用我们熟悉的宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。检查，修改，定稿，誊写检查修改是进一步减少疏漏提高质量的最后程序，这时要对照题目要求，认真检查以下几点
7、：（1）内容有无遗漏或误词，最好一一对应检查。（2）体裁格式对不对。（3）句子是否有语法结构错误，特别要检查句子中的冠词、代词、名词复数、动词的时态、语态、主谓一致等方面是否有错误。（4）句子是否合乎英语表达习惯，是否达意。（5）书写字迹和标点符号是否规范清晰，词数是否基本上符合要求。经过认真修改润色的短文，即可认真工整地誊写在指定的卷面上。抄好后再速读一遍，力求完美。 经典题例原题介绍目前，扬州正在创建(create)全国文明城市（National Civilization City）。作为一个中学生，我们在学校、在家里、在公共场合等等应该做到哪些才能称得上是一个文明的(civilized)
8、人呢？我们又如何为这个活动作贡献（make contribution to）呢？请你就此写一篇100字左右的短文。Nowadays,_解题步骤第一步：认真审题，明确写作体裁、提示要点、文章的时态、人称和词数。分析：这篇作文的体裁是倡议书。文章主要有5大提示要点，考生可以用笔将这些要点圈出来。1.扬州正在创建全国文明城市。2.作为一个中学生在学校怎么做才能称得上是一个文明的人？3.作为一个中学生在家怎么做？4.作为一个中学生在公共场所怎么做？5.我们又如何为这个活动作贡献呢？这篇文章时态以一般现在时为主。人称用第一人称。词数100个左右。第二步：分析提示要点,用简明的英语写出要点。分析：五大提示
9、要点只有第一要点是限定的，考生可以直接翻译。其余四大要点都是半限定的、半开放性的。考生需要根据文章主题的需要联系实际生活进行适当发挥。不同的考生会有不同的答案。这部分既是写作的重点也是难点。考生可用简明的英语写出要点。如:At school: keep the classroom clean and tidy. At home: help parents do some housework. In public places: obey the traffic rules dont make too much noise. make a contribution to this event:
10、give out leaf lets to make people understand the importance of this activity.第三步：列出写作提纲，并将要点扩展成句。开头（Introduction）：Yang zhou is creating a National Civilization City. As middle school students, we should try our best to become civilized persons.正文（Main body）:At school, we should keep our classroom cl
11、ean and tidy every day. We shouldnt throw about rubbish.At home, we should help our parents do some housework.In public places, we shouldnt make much noise in public places. We mustnt cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.We can make a contribution to this event by giving out leaflets t
12、o the citizens to make them understand the importance of this event and take part in it.结尾 （conclusion）:I am sure Yangzhou will become a National Civilization City soon.第四步：组句成文。分析：根据文章内容和要求，可以适当调整以上句子的先后顺序。为了使文章连贯自然，表达准确，适当加一些表达并列、递进、因果、转折等关系的连词，然后组成文章，这时如果发现文章词数不够，可把短语变成句子，也可增添一些与表达内容有关的短语或句子。如：表达
13、“在家”,不用“at home”.而用“When we are at home.”如果发现文章词数超过要求，可以将句子变成短语或两句并一句。第五步：计划时间，认真检查、修改。分析：中考英语作文一般要求在20分钟内完成。因此，考试时间有限，必须合理安排。成文后必须认真检查修改。特别注意以下几点：1.内容是否符合要求，要点有无遗漏或误解。2句子是否符合英语习惯，句型是否正确。3.是否有语法错误。特别是冠词、名词的复数、代词、主谓一致、时态、语态等方面。4是否有拼写错误。5书写是否有不清楚或不易辨认之处。6.大小写和标点符号是否使用得当。7词数是否符合要求。第六步：认真誊写。分析：注意书写清楚、规范
14、，卷面整洁。中考20分作文，有两分卷面整洁分。下面是修改过的作文:Yangzhou is creating a National Civilization City. As middle school students, we should try our best to become civilized persons.First, when we are at school, we should keep our classroom clean and tidy. And we shouldnt throw about rubbish. Second, we should help our
15、 parents do some housework at home. Third, we shouldnt make much noise in public places. Besides, we mustnt cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. Whats more, we can give out leaflets to the citizens in order to make them understand the importance of this event and take part in it.If ev
16、eryone makes a contribution to this event, Yangzhou will become a National Civilization City soon.名师点睛典例分类【例1】假如你是某中学的学生，上周你校举办了“英语周”。请你根据下面表格提示，用英语写一篇短文介绍英语周的活动情况，并谈谈你的感受。活动时间5月5日至5月9日参加人员全体学生；英语教师。活动内容唱英文歌曲；举行英语演讲比赛；看英文电影；活动效果要求：1.用上所给要点，可以适当发挥；2.词数：80个词左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数；3.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地址等相关信息；4.提
17、示词：能力ability。Last week our school held an English week. 【答案】Last week our school held an English week. It started on May 5 and ended on May 9. All the students and our English teachers took part in it. During the week, we sang English songs, joined in English speaking contests, and watched English f
18、ilms. We told stories in English.We became more interested in English and our speaking ability has greatly improved. As everyone knows, practice makes perfect. I learned a lot from the activity. I think it is a good way to learn English. I like it very much.写作亮点：这是一篇非常优秀的作文，短文中作者按照题目的要求，结构清晰，要点全面。而且
19、作者在写作时，并不是完全按照题目中给出的顺序，逐句翻译的，而是将这些信息进行了整合，让意思关联紧密的放在一起表达，这一点很好。短文中的语言合乎英语的表达规范，而且作者还使用了一些较好的句式，增强了文章的连贯性。如We became more interested in English and our speaking ability has greatly improve等为文章增色不少。考点：提纲类作文。【例2】阅读使人明智，阅读使人充实。请根据下面图表信息写一篇短文，介绍课外阅读的益处、你的课外阅读情况及你的阅读计划。提示： 1. 短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚，行文连贯； 2短文中
20、不能出现真实的人名和地名;380字左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Reading Outside ClassAs we all know, reading has a lot of benefit. _【答案】Reading Outside ClassAs we all know，reading has a lot of benefit. It can open up our eyes because books are full of knowledge，and it makes us wiser and richer in life. I like reading newspapers
21、and magazines，from which I get lots of fun and learn about whats going on around the world. I also read story books and novels in my spare time which make me relaxed and happy. I seldom read ebooks because theyre bad for eyes. On weekends，I usually spend a whole afternoon reading in the library. And
22、 I also read for about half an hour before going to bed every night.Summer vacations is coming. I plan to do more reading. I am going to read more classics and more English books to improve my language skills. Im sure reading can make a difference to my life. 【亮点说明】这篇短文使用了一些固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少.如: be ful
23、l of knowledge；in my spare time；be bad for eyes；It makes us wiser and richer in life；On weekends，I usually spend a whole afternoon reading in the library；Im sure reading can make a difference to my life。学习中注意总结,牢记一些固定句式及短语,写作时就可以适当引用,使文章的表达更有逻辑性,更富有条理。考点：提纲作文。【点睛】书面表达评分标准“最高档”要求为：“应用了较多的语法结构或词汇；语法结构
24、或词汇方面有少许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。”从历年书面表达高分文章来看，每篇文章都有“亮”点，即在用词、造句或段落安排上都有独到之处。要想获得高分就应在“正确”表达的基础上写出自己的特色，写出自己的“亮”点。课时作业能力提升1. 在生活和学习中，大家的目标、做法、性格、习惯等方面都不尽相同，都会有自己独特的行事方法，请你以“A good way to_”为题写一篇短文。 要求；1文中不出现个人真实信息 2语言表达准确，短文连贯通顺。 3. 80词左右 A good way to 【答案】A good way to keep he
25、althyIts very important for us to keep healthy in our everyday lifeBut how? Here is some advice for you to follow First you should have a healthy dietIts necessary to eat enough fresh fruits and vegetables，because our bodies need all kinds of vitamins every dayBut do not eat too much fat，such as che
26、ese，butter or anything too fattyToo much sweet can be bad for your teethSo youd better not eat too many sweets or chocolates and drink fits little coffee as possible Good habits Can help you keep healthyDoing exercise is certainly a good way to make you healthyAfter a days work，you need to have an e
27、ight-hour sleepAnd youd better not work or study too hardRemember smoking is not good for your health，so never smoke写作亮点：本文就保持健康表达自己的观点。作者在开头明确观点在我们的日常生活中保持健康是重要的。然后分别给出了保持健康的建议。文中多次使用and、so等词为短文增色不少。考点：话题作文。2. 假设你是李珊，你的网友Betty给你发来电子邮件，向你诉说她在学习汉语的过程中遇到的一些困难，并希望你能给她一些建议。请你根据下面的提示内容，给Betty回一封邮件，教她一些学汉
28、语的方法，并鼓励她不要放弃。提示：1. 学习语言过程中遇到问题是正常的;（have problems）2. 多看或多听汉语节目，多看汉语故事或电影，多学汉语歌曲；(program)3. 多交一些中国朋友，多练习口语；(make friends, practice)4. 如果可以，尽量和中国人居住在一起；(live with)5. 不要害怕出错，坚持不放弃。(be afraid, give up)6. 欢迎到中国旅游，在旅游中了解中国，并能轻松学习中文。（welcome）要求：1. 句子通顺，语意连贯，符合逻辑； 2. 用上所有提示内容，但不要逐字逐句翻译；3. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总
29、词数； 4. 不少于100个单词。Dear Betty,Im glad to receive your e-mail. As we know, its normal to _ _ _ Best wishes！ Yours, Li Shan【答案】Dear Betty, Im glad to receive your e-mail. In your e-mail, you said you had some trouble learning Chinese. Dont worry about it. Its common that people have some problems while
30、learning a language. I think you should watch or listen to Chinese programs often. You can also read Chinese stories and learn Chinese songs. You know, a good language environment is very helpful in learning a language, so youd better make some Chinese friends. If possible, you can also visit Chinese families and even live with them for some time. Dont be afraid of making mistakes. Keep on practicing Chinese and never give up. Im sure you will make progress. Best wishes!
