1、四级阅读专项练习含答案汇编In 1993 New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage （饮料）containers. Within a year. Consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products. But bec
2、ause few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills （垃圾填埋场）. The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic.Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled （回收利用）in the United States. The reas
3、on for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc.As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish.
4、 A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life-and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.Shrinking landfill sp
5、ace, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, w
6、hich, in parts of New York, amounts to saving of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.36.What regulation was issued by
7、 New York State concerning beverage containers?A） Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.B） Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.C） A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.D） Consumers had to pay for be
8、verage containers and could get their money back on returning them.37.The returned plastic bottles in New York used to _.A） end up somewhere undergroundB） be turned into raw materialsC） have a second-life valueD） be separated from other rubbish38.The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beve
9、rage containers is _.A） to sell them at a profitable priceB） how to turn them into useful thingsC） how to reduce their recycling costsD） to lower the prices for used materials39.Recycling ahs become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because _.A） local governments find it easy to manageB）
10、recycling ahs great appeal for the joblessC） recycling causes little pollutionD） other methods are more expensive40.It can be concluded from the passage that _.A） rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materialsB） local governments in the U. S. can expect big profits from recyclingC）
11、recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentallyD） landfills will still be widely used for waste disposal答案：36.C 37.D 38.C 39.B 40.AThere are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first metho
12、d is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know well how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to rulers by ancient writers, who related how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron th
13、e centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi animal, semi human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that the one without the other is not durable. A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast,
14、must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and when t
15、he reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist. If men were all good, this precept would not be good ; butas they are bad, and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable e
16、xcuse for the nonfulfilment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. B
17、ut it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived. 1.The author of the passage does not believe
18、that _. A) people can protect themselves B) the truth makes men free C) leaders have to be consistent D) princes are human 2.The lion represents those who are _ . A) too trusting B) strong and careful C) reliant on force D) lacking in intelligence 3.The fox, in this passage, is _.A) admired for his
19、trickery B) no match for the lion C) pitied for his trick D) considered worthless 4.The writer suggests that a successful leader must _. A) be prudent and faithful B) cheat and lie C) have principle to guide his actionsD) tell the people the truth about his opponent 5.The writer would approve an uns
20、uccessful political candidate _.A) gave up all his opportunities B) promised to try again next time C) overthrew the government by force D) told the people the truth about his opponent 答案与解析：1.D。本文作者并不认为王子们属于人这一类。本题考察对作者意图的理解。因为作者认为 by law是人类所用的斗争方式；by force是动物采用的斗争方式。而这些王子们只会the method of fighting
21、by force，故D)是正确答案。2.C。狮子代表那些力量型的人。本题考察学生对明喻和隐喻的理解能力。在这篇文章的第二段的开头，在狮子与狐狸之间有一个鲜明的对比，狮子不能躲过陷阱，而狐狸逃脱不了被狼袭击的命运，故我们能看出狮子是靠自己的力量。3.A。在本文中，狐狸的狡猾受到称赞。本题考察对作者的意图的理解能力。第二段的开头，作者也提到了狐狸能躲过陷阱和圈套，故狐狸在这篇文章中因为有计谋而受到称赞。4.B。作者提出，一个成功的领导人必须学会欺骗和说谎。本题为推理判断题，需从上下文的含义中找答案。从这篇文章的第二段的后半部分我们能够推断出 B)乃此题之答 案。因为一个成功的领导人必须具备两手：欺
22、骗与说谎。5.C。作者会赞成一个不成功的政治候选人会用武力推翻政府。本题为推理判断题，需根据作者意图去推断出答案。从这篇文章的主题来看，是“文斗”或是“武斗”，对一个落选的政治家来说，文斗已经失败，而只能退而求其次，采取 the struggling method by force也就是要推翻政府，故选C)。The first pre-election poll, or “straw vote”，as it was then called，was conducted by the Harrisburg Pennsylvanian before the 1824 presidential ele
23、ction .This straw vote and the many that followed it really registered nothing but local opinion .However, as communications improved and elections were won by closer and closer margins ,newspapers and journals tried desperately to satisfy their readers curiosity in more reliable ways. Before the 19
24、28 elections ,no fewer than eighty-five publications made private inquiries,generally by means of questionnaires(问卷、调查表)sent to subscribers(订户) and by telephone surveys.The principle common to all these inquiries was that they depended on quantity rather than quality;little effort was made to reach
25、representatives of all segments(部分) of the population.Still,the erroneous belief persisted that the greater the number of questionnaires,the more accurate the results would be .The record was held by the American monthly Literary Digest,which sent out millions of postcards with short and pointed que
26、stions before each election,and received many hundreds of thousands of replies.In fact ,in 1932,the Literary Digests forecast was off by only 1 percent. In view of such striking achievements,it (粗鲁的) for the young American journalist,George Gallup,to claim that large numbers were irrelevant,and that
27、 equally accurate or better predictions could be made with a small but carefully selected sample of the population and a small team of skilled interviewers. In 1936,it took Gallup a long time to convince thirty-five newspaper editors that his system was much cheaper than the customary mass inquiries
28、 and that it could provide surprisingly accurate predictions.The editors finally agreed,on condition that if Gallups predictions were less accurate than those obtained by the tried method of the Literary Digest,he would have to refund (赔偿) the entire cost of the investigation.Although the Literary D
29、igest broke its own record by obtaining two million replies to its electoral postcards that year,its prediction was wrong by 19 percent,whereas Gallups was off by less than 1 percent. 1.From the passage we know that the earliest pre-election polls were _ in reflecting the public opinions. A)meaningf
30、ul B)inaccurate C)satisfying D)successful2.All of the following are the characteristics of the inquiries mentioned in the second paragraph except_ . A)a large number of questionnaires were sent outB)quantity rather than quality was emphasized C)almost no effort was made to interview people from ever
31、y walk of life D)every publication in America got involved 3.We can infer from the passage that in the beginning the newspaper editors were_ Gallups system. A)doubtful of C)displeased withB)enthusiastic about D)indignant at 4.We can infer from the passage that in the early 1930s_ A)Gallup was a famo
32、us journalistB)the Literary Digest liked to break records C)the literary Digest was the biggest monthly in America D)the method of the Literary Digest was popular and well-received 5.Gallups system proved to be_ . A)much cheaper B)a great failureC)a huge success D)much costly 答案与解析：1.B文章的第一段告诉我们，最初的选举前的民意测验反映的仅仅是地方性的局部意见，由此可见它们在反映民意方面是不够准确的。 2.D从文章第二段可知，这些调查共同的特点是重量不重质，错误地认为发出去的问卷越
