1、整理unit4单词详解Unit 4 单词详解Part Onefulfill v. 例句：This way of life no longer adequately fulfills the individuals concerned. 这种生活方式已不再能使有关的人们满意。fulfill a contract 履行合同fulfill a promise 履行承诺fulfill ones responsibility 尽责fulfill doctors instruction 遵照医嘱fulfill ones needs 满足需要fulfill a program 完成计划Shine a lig
2、ht on=Shed light on给带来启示shed light on为提供线索；对透露情况；使清楚地显出；阐明例句：Such missions could shed light on the origins of life in general.它们也能告诉人们生命起源的大致情况.Text 2innate a. 天生的；特有的，固有的the innate ability to learn 天生的学习能力例句：You obviously have an innate talent for music. 你显然有天生的音乐才能。premier n.总理；首相adj.第一的，首位的；首要的Hi
3、s work on the causes of diseases is of premier importance to the whole world. 他对病因的研究对整个世界来说非常重要.notion n.概念，观念例句：He had no notion of running the risk. 他不想冒险。近义词辨析idea：最普通常用词，几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动。concept：指从众多实例中通过概括、归纳而形成的对事物本质、全貌及其内部联系的概念或看法。thought：指以推理、思考等智力活动为基础的心理思维活动及其结果。notion：指的是一种模糊的，变化的莫测的想法，无可靠
4、的基础，未经深思熟虑的观点。Viewing / listeninginsight n.洞察力例句：Good teachers have insight into the problems of students. 好的教师能洞察学生的问题。Gain an insight into ones mind 洞悉某人的想法 probe v.调查；打探；探究；探听例句：The more they probed into his background, the more inflamed their suspicions would become.他们越调查他的背景，疑团就越多。n. 太空探测器 A sp
5、ace probePart Three1. alter v. 改变，改动，变更例句：There is something wrong with my layout, I have to alter it. 单词辨析： alter,change,shift,convert的区别alter常用来表示轻微的、细节的改变，是自身细节上或外表的变化，而没有变成（change into）另一事物。change这个词比较通用，可以指任何变化，也用于彻底改变，与原来完全不同。它还可以作名词表示变化，以及零花钱。shift表示变动的时候，多指位置、方向以及方式的改变。它作名词时还可表示轮班、计谋、手段、变化等。
6、convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。它作名词时就表示皈依者，或者改变信仰的人。2.aptitude n .（学习方面的）才能，资质That student has an aptitude for mathematics. 那个学生有数学方面的天赋。apt=fit/ability,表示适应,能力aptitude适应能力;才能 (apt适应,能力+itude性质,状态有能力的状态)adapt使适应,适应环境 (ad一再+apt适应,能力一再适应环境)近义词 gift, talent, competence, 3. bombard v. 炮轰
7、，轰击 bomb n. Ive been bombarded by the press and television since I came back from Norway. 从挪威回来后我就一直被报纸和电视台的记者纠缠不休。4. buckle vt.& vi.用搭扣扣紧；使全力以赴n.搭扣，扣环Buckle oneself into the seat of the car.Everyone has got to buckle down to get ready for the press conference.buckle down全力以赴buckle up系安全带：系上安全带，尤指在汽
8、车内5. cling to v. 紧紧抓住，依恋；坚持，墨守英语中表示坚持的词还有很多，如insist，persist, adhere等，它们的区别如下： cling 与to连用，指对信仰、意见、习惯等的坚持。 adhere 也与to连用，指坚持意见、计划或承诺等，含有坚持不懈的意思。insist 通常用于对意见、主张等的坚持。 persist 用于褒义时指坚持继续做某事，但更常用于贬义，指不听劝告，顽固坚持。 persevere 含褒义，强调坚持不懈的努力。 cling的过去式和过去分词是clungcling to sth.=become attached to sth. 例句： Dont
9、cling to your old ideas, its 21st century now! 别老是守着你的陈旧思想，现在都21世纪了。6. confine vt.限制；局限于；禁闭；管制n.界限，范围；国界They succeeded in confining the fire to a small area.His mother confined him to his room for the weekend for failing to do his chores. 他妈妈周末不让他出门，因为他没做家务。She has never experienced life beyond the
10、confines of her own close-knit family. 她从未经历过她那紧密团结的家庭以外的生活。confined a. 狭窄的，有限的7. discipline vt.训练；使有纪律；n.训练；纪律, 学科military discipline 军事训练The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits. 音乐学习中的训练可以帮助孩子们培养好的工作习惯。Were looking for people from a wide range of disciplines. 我们
11、需要各个学科的人才。The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed. 那个工人受到了公司的处罚，但并没有被解雇。8. distinguish v. 区分，辨别 -fromThese are some features that distinguish spoken English from written English.这是区别英语口语和书面语的一些特征。She distinguished herself by her performance in the exam. 她以考试成绩优异而出众。9. dwell v.居住
12、；存在于；细想某事Sometimes his mind would dwell on the horrors he had been through. 有时他会老是想着他所经历过的种种恐怖。A great number of water fowls dwell on the island. 许多水鸟在岛上栖息。The principal dwelt on traffic safety in his talk. 校长在讲话中强调了交通安全。dweller n. 居民 dwelling n. 住处10. effect1.N-VAR 影响;效果;结果Theeffect ofone thingonan
13、other is the change that the first thing causes in the second thing.Parents worry about theeffectof music on their adolescents behavior. 父母担心音乐对青春期孩子的行为所产生的影响。Even minor head injuries can cause long-lasting psychologicaleffects. 即使是轻微的头部创伤也会对心理产生长期影响。2.N-COUNT （刻意制造的）效果，印象Aneffectis an impression th
14、at someone creates deliberately, for example in a place or in a piece of writing.The wholeeffectis cool, light and airy. 整体效果很酷，轻松而随意。3.VERB 使发生;实现If youeffectsomething that you are trying to achieve, you succeed in causing it to happen.Prospects foreffecting real political change seemed to have tak
15、en a major step backwards. 实现真正政治变革的机会似乎变得更加渺茫了。11. electrified1.ADJ 通电的;带电的Anelectrifiedfence or other barrier has been connected to a supply of electricity, so that a person or animal that touches it will get an electric shock.The house was set amid dense trees and surrounded by anelectrifiedfence
16、. 那座房子坐落于茂密的树林中，四周布有带电围栏。The railway line waselectrifiedin the 1950s. 这条铁路线在20世纪50年代就实现了电气化。12. endorse1.VERB （公开地）赞同，支持If youendorsesomeone or something, you say publicly that you support or approve of them.I canendorsetheir opinion whole-heartedly. 我可以全力支持他们的意见。.policies agreed by the Labour Party
17、 andendorsed by the electorate. 得到工党赞同并受选民支持的政策2.V-PASSIVE 在（驾驶执照）上注明违章If someones driving licenceis endorsed, an official record is made on it that they have been found guilty of a driving offence.For failing to report the accident, his licence wasendorsed. 由于发生事故未能报告，他的驾驶执照被注明违章。He also had his li
18、cenceendorsed with eight penalty points. 他的驾驶执照也被扣了8分。13. energize1.VERB 使充满活力;使精力充沛Toenergizesomeone means to give them the enthusiasm and determination to do something.He helpedenergizeand mobilize millions of people around the nation. 他帮助激励和动员了全国数百万人。I am completelyenergized and feeling terrific.
19、 我充满了活力，感觉非常好。14. engulf1.VERB （常指突然）吞没，吞噬If one thingengulfsanother, it completely covers or hides it, often in a sudden and unexpected way.A seven-year-old boy was found dead after a landslideengulfed a block of flats. 山体滑坡掩埋了一栋公寓楼，造成一名7岁男孩丧生。The flat isengulfed in flames. 那套公寓被火焰吞噬。2.VERB 使陷入（某种感
20、觉或情绪）If a feeling or emotionengulfsyou, you are strongly affected by it.the pain thatengulfed him. 将他吞噬的苦痛He looked around his dark, cluttered office and wasengulfed by a feeling of emptiness.他环顾自己昏暗杂乱的办公室，陷入一阵空虚之中。15. exponential, exponentially1.ADJ 迅速增长的;成指数倍增的Exponentialmeans growing or increasin
21、g very rapidly.The policy tried to check the exponential growth of public expenditure. 该政策试图控制公共开支的迅猛增长。16. familiarize1.VERB 使熟悉;使了解If youfamiliarizeyourselfwithsomething, or if someonefamiliarizesyouwithit, you learn about it and start to understand it.I was expected to familiarise myself with the
22、 keyboard. 对我的要求是熟悉键盘。The goal of the experiment was tofamiliarizethe people with the new laws. 试行的目的就是要让人们熟悉新法规。17. glamorous1.ADJ-GRADED 富有魅力的；迷人的；令人向往的If you describe someone or something asglamorous, you mean that they are more attractive, exciting, or interesting than ordinary people or things.
23、some of the worlds most beautiful andglamorouswomen. 全世界最漂亮迷人的一些女性The south coast is lessglamorousbut full of clean and attractive hotels. 南海岸魅力稍逊，但却有很多干净漂亮的宾馆。18. grin1.VERB 露齿而笑；咧嘴大笑When yougrin, you smile broadly.Hegrins, delighted at the memory. 想到往事，他开心地咧嘴笑了起来。Sarah tried several times to catch
24、 Philips eye, but he justgrinned at her. 萨拉几次想引起菲利普的注意，但是他只是冲她咧嘴笑了笑。.a statue of agrinning old man cutting the throat of a deer. 一边割鹿喉、一边咧着嘴笑的老人雕像2.PHRASE 苦笑着忍受；默默承受If yougrin and bear it, you accept a difficult or unpleasant situation without complaining because you know there is nothing you can do
25、 to make things better.They cannot stand the sight of each other, but they will just have togrinand bear it. 他们连看对方一眼都不愿意，但是也只得默默忍受。19. guarantee1.VERB 确保；使必然发生If one thingguaranteesanother, the first is certain to cause the second thing to happen.Surplus resources alone do notguaranteegrowth. 仅有富余的
26、资源并不能确保发展。2.VERB 保证必定发生；承诺做；答应提供If youguaranteesomething, you promise that it will definitely happen, or that you will do or provide it for someone.Most statesguaranteethe right to free and adequate education. 大多数州都保障人们免费享受充分教育的权利。All students areguaranteed campus accommodation for their first year.
27、 保证安排所有的学生第一年在校内住宿。3.N-COUNT 保修单Aguaranteeis a written promise by a company to replace or repair a product free of charge if it has any faults within a particular time.Whatever aguaranteesays, when something goes wrong, you can still claim your rights from the shop. 不论保修单如何规定，若商品出了问题，消费者仍然可以去商店维护自身权
28、益。It was still underguarantee. 它还在保修期内。20. illustrate1.VERB 表明;说明;证明If you say that somethingillustratesa situation that you are drawing attention to, you mean that it shows that the situation exists.The example of the United Statesillustrates this point. 美国的例子证明了这一点。This change is neatlyillustrated
29、 by what has happened to the Arab League. 这种变化鲜明地体现在阿拉伯联盟所发生的事件上。2.VERB (用例子、故事或图表)说明,阐明If you use an example, story, or diagram toillustratea point, you use it show that what you are saying is true or to make your meaning clearer.Let me give another example toillustratethis difficult point. 我再举个例子来
30、说明这个难点。Throughout, sheillustrates her analysis with excerpts from discussions. 自始至终,她摘引讨论内容来阐明她的分析。illustrationHere, by way of illustration, are some extracts from our new catalogue. 这里引为例证的是我们新目录的部分摘录。3.VERB 给(书)加插图(或图表)If youillustratea book, you put pictures, photographs or diagrams into it.She w
31、ent on to art school and is now illustrating a book. 她后来读了艺术学校,现在正在为一本书画插图。He hasillustrated the book with black-and-white photographs. 他为那本书配了一些黑白照片插图。21. mirror1.N-COUNT 镜子Amirroris a flat piece of glass which reflects light, so that when you look at it you can see yourself reflected in it.He absent-mindedly looked at himself in themirro
