1、形容词和副词比较等级的用法.形容词和副词比较等级的用法I）同级比较：1甲与乙相比程度相同：用as+原级形容词/副词+as2甲与乙相比，甲不及乙：用not as/so+形容词/副词as。 如：Dick is as tall as his brother.Tom speaks Chinese as frequently as Jack.The picture is (not) as beautiful as that one .II）比较级：1. 表示A超过B。此时用形容词和副词的比较等级more(adj/adv+er)+ thanOur classroom is brighter than yo
2、urs. He did more carefully in the exam than I .I dont think math is more important than physics.2 表示A不及B用句型：less+形容词/副词的原级+than= not as/so+形容词/副词as = not more- than- 如：这幅画比不上那幅画漂亮2. 比较级的修饰语。这些修饰语通常为副词或短语，置于比较级前面， 说明比较级的程度。这些词有：a little, little, a bit, bit, a lot, a great deal, much, far, rather, sli
3、ghtly, by far, even, still, nearly, almost, any, just, ()times等。The moon is much smaller than the earth.The result of the experiment turned out to be even better than expected. Speak a bit more slowly, please.3形容词和副词比较级的特殊用法1）more and more 越来越 如：You are growing taller and taller. English is becoming
4、 more and more important.2). The more-, the more-. 越， 越 The harder he works , the happier he will feel . The more careful you are, the better you will do in the exam. The harder you study, the greater progress youll make . 4) 倍数的表达法倍数（half, once, twice, times +as+形容词+as倍数+形容词比较级+than 倍数+the (size, h
5、eight, length, weight, width, depth, age) +of The white box is four times deeper than the black box.This road is twice longer than that one.The red building is twice the height of the grey building.Our school is three times the size of yours.The street is four times the length of that one.The output
6、 of the paper mill is three times higher than it was last yea5)否定词not与never与比较级连用相当于最高级(1)You cant do it better.= You do it the best .(2)The teacher cant explain the grammar more clearly.= The teacher explains the grammar the most clearly.(3)_ What do you think of the film_ Wonderful. Ive never seen
7、 a better one.=This is the best film that Ive seen.(4) You sing very well and Ive never heard a more beautiful voice=-(5) How wonderfully she sings! Ive never heard a better voice.=-II.形容词和副词比较等级练习I. Choose the best answer What did you like the film -Its ve never seen _. A. a better B. a worse C. th
8、e best D. the worst 2. The number of people present at the concert was _than expected. There were many tickets left. A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more3. It is reported that the United States uses _energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twi
9、ce as much4. The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im paying _here.A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much 5. Our neighbors has_ ours. A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a hou
10、se the same big as 6. The more you read, _. A. the more you learn B. the more youll learn C. more and more you youll learn D. youll learn the more III. spend, cost, take, pay和pay for（1） spend .他花了很多钱买了这辆新车。 他平时把尽可能多的时间花费在读书上。（2） cost：.这本书用了他一美元。.乘船到伦敦要用12英磅（3） take .到邮局用去了我十分钟时间。 他们用了两年时间拍这部新影片。（4）
11、pay他花了很多钱买了这辆新车. 这本书用了他一美元。（5） pay for .你得付你的饭费.IV. not until1. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realize 2. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the
12、 villagers realized C. the villagers did realized D. didnt the villagers realize until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realize? B. did I realize? C. I didnt realize? D. I realized4. Not until he arrived home _ he find that this wallet had been stolen.A. did? B. would? C. when
13、? D. that5. Not until his father was out of prison_ to school.A. can John go B. John can go C. could John go D. John could go6. Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realized D. didnt the vi
14、llagers realize was about 600 years ago_ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.( 97全国卷) A. that B. until C. before D. when 8 .It was _back home after the experiment.(04湖北卷)A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt go C. not until midnight that he went D. until m
15、idnight when he didnt go 9 .It wasnt until nearly a month later _I received the managers reply. (05全国卷I) A. since B. when C. as D. that 10. It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. (06全国卷II) A. when B. that C. where D. beforeV+ed formed分词既可以作前置定语, 也可以作后置定语。. 1 单个的过去分词
16、作前置定语。 .1） 及物动词的过去分词具有被动和完成意义。 如: I saw a broken cup on the table . He took care of a wounded soldier.His spoken English is poor .2）. 不及物动词的ed 形式不表被动只表完成。She is a grown woman. The police are running after an escaped prisoner In autumn fallen leaves can be seen on the ground .They looked up at the ri
17、sen sun .You should drink boiled water.2. 作后置定语，通常是及物动词的过去分词,过去分词短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于被动的定语从句，ed 前不加be动词 。如: 1） . This is a color TV set produced last year = This is a color TV set that were produced last year 2 ）. This is a letter written to me by my daughter = This is a letter that was written to me by
18、 my daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信 3）. Is this the book written by Henry James =Is this the book which/that was written by Henry James 4）. He was a professor respected by all the teachers and students of the college. =He was a professor who/that was respected by all the teachers and students of the college练习：
19、改写下列句子。1)I like the book written by Bi Shumin .2). He is reading a novel written by Shakespeare.30 I like films directed by Zhang Yimu .3过去分词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别 ： 过去分词作定语表示被动意义而动作已经完成，而现在分词作定语表示主动意义而动作正在进行 。如：1) Japan is a developed country while China is a developing country . 2) Dont drink boiling wate
20、r. Drink boiled water.3) England is an English-speaking country so spoken English is heard everywhere . 4) fallen leaves _ falling leaves5) The risen sun _ the rising sun6）The person giving us a speech is a professor from Canada .= The person who is giving us a speech is a professor from Canada .现在分
21、词作定语相当于主动的定语从句。4 .done being done to be done的区别1. The building built last month is our classroom building 2 .The building being built now is our classroom building.3 The building to be built next month is our classroom building.4The question_(raise) at the meeting yesterday is important .5 The probl
22、em _(discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is important . 6 .The problem _(discuss) at the meeting now is important .练习： 1I. 改写下列句子。1I like the book written by Bi Shumin .2. He is reading a novel written by Shakespeare.3 I like films directed by Zhang Yimu .II.用正确的形式填空 question_(raise) at the meeting yes
23、terday is important .2. The problem _(discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is important .3 .The problem _(discuss) at the meeting now is important .III.选择填空t use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. known B. having been known C. to be known D. known2Reading is an exper
24、ience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. formed D. having formed3. there was an _ look on his face when the actress appeared. A. excited B. excitement C. exciting D. excitedlys wrong for the_ countries to control the
25、 world. A. development B. developing C. developed D. develop5. I have collected the money _. A. needing B. need C. to need D. needed6. The bridge _ next year will be very long. A. being built B. to be built C. built D. building book can be used in _ countries. B. English-spoken C. speaking-English D
26、. spoken-English9. This is the problem_ at the meeting yesterday. A. being discussed; B. having discussed C. to be discussed D. discussed10. The _ look on his face suggested that he had not expected so. A. surprised B. surprising C. excited D. exciting11. The Olympic Games, _in 776 BC, didnt include
27、 women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing should you do if there is no food _ for you when you get home after a days work A. is left B. left C. leave D. leaving I got back home I saw a message _ to the door reading “ Sorry to miss you, w
28、ill you call later？” A. pinning B. pinned C. to be pinning D. to be pinned computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. havin
29、g written B. to be written C. being written D. written6. in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed7. to his research, he almost forgot everything.A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote17 _ some officials, Napoleon inspecte
30、d his army.A Followed B Followed by C Being followed D Having been followed by8 Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A invited B to invite C being invited D inviting question _ now at the meeting is not the question _ yesterday. A. discussed; discussed B. discussing; had discussed C. being discussed; discussed D. discussing; discussing d rather that Tom the coming exam next month.A. will pass B. passes C passed D. would pass11. Hurry up, Tom. Its high time that you read for breakfast.A. must get B. get C. got D. will get
