1、全国月高等教育外国文学作品选自考试题8本科生毕业论文论菲茨杰拉德在了不起的盖茨比中的道德观院 系 外国语学院 专 业 英语（教育方向）班 级 06教本2 学 号 0401060208 学 生 姓 名 李宁 联 系 方 式 指 导 教 师 赵佳 职称：讲师 2018年4月独 创 性 声 明本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业论文是本人在指导老师指导下取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以注释和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写的研究成果。与本研究成果相关的所有人所做出的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。签名：年月日授权声明本人完全了解许昌学院有关保留、使用本科生毕业论文的规定，即：有权
2、保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交毕业论文的复印件和磁盘，允许毕业论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权许昌学院可以将毕业论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编论文。本人论文中有原创性数据需要保密的部分为： 签名：年月日指导教师签名：年月 F. Scott Fitzgeralds Morality In The Great GatsbyA Thesis Submittedto School of Foreign Languages, XuchangUniversityin Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor t
3、he Degree of Bachelor of ArtsByLi NingSupervisor：Zhao Jia April 26, 2018AcknowledgementsI am greatly indebted to my thesis supervisor, Zhao Jia. Without her patient assistance and friendly encouragement, it would not be possible for me to complete this thesis in such a short period of time without r
4、educing its scholarly quality. Her willingness to give me her time so generously has been much appreciated. Truly, without her painstaking efforts in revising and polishing my drafts, the completion of the present thesis would not have been possible.Thanks are also due to my classmates and friends f
5、or their constant encouragement and their ways of assistance in the course of writing.Yet I have to acknowledge that I am independently responsible for the paper and I am the person to blame for any pitfalls, flaws and neglects in it.摘要了不起的盖茨比是美国小说家菲茨杰拉德的代表作之一，这部小说除思想性较强外，还取得了很高的艺术成就，本篇论文论菲兹杰拉德在中的道德
6、观着重探讨作者在小说中体现的道德观。文章从三个角度加以阐述。首先，挖掘了菲茨杰拉德道德观形成的社会历史背景和理论背景。然后,分析了爵士时代人们道德堕落的原因,菲兹杰拉德认为爵士时代的人们深受美国梦的影响。美国梦是他们形成道德面貌的一个重要的思想意识上的原因。最后,通过作者的道德代言人来说明作家在小说中如何生动具体展现他的道德观。关键词：菲茨杰拉德；了不起的盖茨比；道德观；美国梦AbstractThe Great Gatsby is one of the twentieth centurys brilliant works, andalso its writer F. Scott Fitzger
7、alds most outstanding works.His novel winsfor the writer a great deal of acclaim from a substantial number of researchers and scholars. This thesis aims to make a tentative study and exploration of the writers morality in this novel fromthree perspectives.At first, the focus is on the historical and
8、 theoretical background forFitzgeralds morality. Which contains social-historical background andtheoretical background.Then,the causes for moral degeneration in Jazz Age will be discussed,Fitzgerald holds the view that the morals of his contemporaries are greatlyinfluenced by the American Dream. Bas
9、ed on the above analyses, the ways to preach hismorality in the novel will be illustrated. In my opinion, the writerpreaches his morality in the novel by the moralspokesman Nick Carraway.Key words: Fitzgerald。 The Great Gatsby。morality。 American DreamTable of ContentsAcknowledgement.摘要.Abstract.Tabl
10、e of Contents.Introduction.1Chapter One Background for Fitzgeralds Morality.31.1 Social-historical Background.31.2Theoretical Background.4ChapterTwoCauses for Moral Degeneration In Jazz Age.62.1American Dream.62.2Corruption of the American Dream in the Modern Society .62.3Corruption of the American
11、Dream and its Negative Effects on Morality and Humanity.7ChapterThree Ways to Preach Fitzgeralds Morality in The Great Gatsby.103.1 Nick Carraway: Fitzgeralds Moral Spokesman in the Novel .103.2 Ways to PreachFitzgeraldsMorality through NickCarraway. .10Conclusion.14Works Cited.15IntroductionF.Scott
12、 Fitzgerald is widely known as the spokesman of American Jazz Age,an agewhen endless parties,alcoholic obsession and feverish pursuit of money are symbols of itscarefree madness. However, the recognition of Fitzgerald has undergone a hard process.He did not attract much attentionduring his lifetime,
13、and was continuously criticized by his contemporary critics as adecadent and vulgar writer with decreasing fame.His literary talents and value weredoubted,even by H.L.Mencken,one of the leading literary critics of the 1920s.FitzgeraldRenaissance begins with the publication of his uncompleted novel T
14、he Last Tycoon and hisautobiographical works The Crack-up,compiled by one of his friends Edmund Wilson.From then on,his reputation roars among the readers,scholars and critics along with thesales volume of his best novelThe Great Gatsby.Now,Fitzgerald is one of the mostsignificant writers favored am
15、ong academic critics and his novels and stories continue toattract a wide audience.His The Great Gatsby is regarded as the most widely taught andwidely read American literary classic.But what has made this novel so famous that it receives widepopularity from generations of both academicians and gene
16、ral readers?Most critics and scholars focus their attention on Fitzgeraldssocial-historical criticism of America in the novel and on his spectacularartistic achievements such as symbolism and narration. However, Fitzgerald is more than these mentioned above. Not long after The Great Gatsby was publi
17、shed, Fitzgerald complained in his letters to both Edmund Wilson and John Peale Bishop, saying that“of all the reviews, even the most enthusiastic, no one has the slightestidea what the book is about” (Hen Dan Piper,1970) . Many Fitzgerald critics view him as asocial observer of his times. They negl
18、ect the fact that he is oftenconnected with the invisible and spiritual dimension of life, that is, he isa moral and even a religious writer.“Fitzgerald integrates his strong moral sense and his concern about humanity into his writing of The Great Gatsby”(Yang, 2002).In his November 4,1939 letter to
19、 his daughter, commenting on musical-comedy writersCole Porter, Richard Rodgers, and Lorenz Hart, Fitzgerald admitted thathe is essentially a moralist. “Sometimes I wish I had gone along with that gang, but I guess I am too much a moralist at heart and really want to preach at people in some accepta
20、ble form rather than to entertain them” (Karl AN,1999:47-48) .Just as Nick Carraway, Fitzgeralds moral spokesman in the novel, comments at the very beginning of the novel, “When I came back from the East last autumn I felt that I wanted the world to be in uniform and at a sort of moral attention for
21、 ever” (F.Scott Fitzgerald,1993:3) . To my regret, I find thatpeople, especially researchers and critics in China, seldom attached importance to Fitzgeralds morality. In this thesis, I will try my best to call peoples attention to his redeeming side of being a moralist writer, which needs much more
22、notice than it used to have received. The thesis begins with the summary of the general academic achievements made by former scholars and researchers, in an attempt to base the study and exploration of my subject on a research background. Then, the focus is on the historical and theoretical backgrou
23、nd for Fitzgeralds morality. After that, detailed and specific analyses are made of the relationship between the writers morality and his social-historical criticism, and its embodiment in the novel, since the two are closely interrelated. Fitzgerald holds the view that the morals of his contemporar
24、ies are greatly influenced by the American Dream. Based on the above analyses, the ways to preach hismorality in the novel will be illustrated. In my opinion, the writerpreaches his morality in the novel by the moralspokesman Nick Carraway.Chapter One Background for Fitzgeralds Morality1.1 Social-hi
25、storical BackgroundThe Great Gatsby can be looked on as a piece of social satire, making comment on the careless gaiety and moral decadence of the Jazz Age. The Jazz Age, the period immediately following the First World War, refers to the 1920s in America. One of the obvious features of the period i
26、s the economic boom. Firstly, America makes a large amount of money in the war, and thus, with the application of assembly lines and other techniques, the labor efficiency in American society had been greatly improved. As a result, endless consumer goods had been manufactured through assembly lines
27、and delivered to the markets, where the commodities were sufficient and the consumption was active. Meanwhile, American peoples income and living standard were also enormously improved. All these illustrated a vital, wealthy and prosperous scene of American society. The 1920s witnessed Americas tran
28、sformation from production society to consumer society. World War I destroyed not only the old world order, but the traditional morals and social customs. Growing up under the shadow of war, the young Americans no longer believed the lie of“the war to end all wars”.As the war ended, they surprisingl
29、y found “all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken”. Without faith, people found themselves living in a spiritual wasteland where life was meaningless, restless and devoid of purpose. They did not, as the elder generations did, abide by the regulations of traditional Puritanism. Inste
30、ad, they advocated freedom and independence, concerned the expression of unique personality, and purchased hedonism and materialism. In The Great Gatsby, Gatsbys flashy cars, his lavish parties and the reckless conduct of the party-goers are all part of this atmosphere of wild enjoyment and merrymaking.Secondly, accompanied with the atmosphere of wild merrymaking is the emergence of crimes and illegal activities, which leads to widely spread corruption. During
