1、八年级英语下册 Unit 5 Good manners词汇与语法基础训练 新版牛津版Unit 5 Good manners知识精讲一、必背词汇litter n. 垃圾，杂物 vi.&vt.乱丢杂物tap n. 水龙头；旋塞run vi. 流动pick vt. 采，摘obey vt. &vi. 遵守，顺从queue vi. （人、车等）排队等候turn n. 轮流，（轮流的）顺序proper adj. 符合习俗的；正确的greet vt. 问候，打招呼kiss n. 亲吻close adj. 亲密的；严密的conversation n. （非正式）交谈，谈话avoid vt. 避免subject
2、 n. 话题；主题behave vi.&vt. 表现public n. 民众，群体 adj.公共的，公开的push vi.&vt. 推，挤bump vi.&vt. 撞，碰touch vt. 触摸，碰excuse vt. 原谅，宽恕till conj. 到时，直到为止as conj. 正如，如同saying n. 谚语，格言Roman n. 罗马人discussion n. 讨论express vt. 表达explain vt. &vi. 解释warn vt.&vi.警告，告诫parking n. 停车successful adj. 成功的sometime adv.(=some time)在某时
3、risk vt. 冒险做worm n. 软体虫，蠕虫pain n. 痛,疼痛gain n. 收获indeed adv. 真正地practice n. 练习；训练；实践candle n. 蜡烛purpose n. 目的content n. 内容,；目录conclusion n. 总结，归纳guest n. 客人，宾客host n. 主人；主持impolite adj. 不礼貌的manner n.礼貌，礼仪；规矩polite adj. 礼貌的loud adj. 大声的二、重点词汇1. pick verb /pk/1). to take some things and leave others挑选；
4、选择例句： She was picked to play for the team. 她被选中代表该队参赛。2). to remove separate things or small pieces from something, especially with the fingers从上剔除；采，摘例句： He picked the watch up from the carpet.他从地毯上把表捡起来。2. subject noun /sb.dekt/1). the thing that is being discussed, considered, or studied主题，话题；问题；
5、题目例句： Our subject for discussion is homelessness. 我们讨论的话题是无家可归问题。2). an area of knowledge that is studied in school, college, or university学科；科目；专业例句： My favourite subjects at school were history and English. 上学时我最喜欢的科目是历史和地理。3. excuse verb /kskjuz/v.1). to forgive someone原谅；宽恕例句：Nothing can excuse
6、that sort of behaviour. 无论如何那种行为都是不可原谅的。2). excuse mea polite way of attracting someones attention, especially of someone you do not know（用于礼貌地引起他人、尤其是陌生人的注意）劳驾，打扰，请原谅例句： Excuse me, does this bus go to Oxford Street? 打扰一下，请问这辆公共汽车去牛津大街吗？n.a reason that you give to explain why you did something wrong
7、（辩解的）理由，借口例句：Hed better have a good excuse for being late. 他迟到最好有正当的理由。【拓展】make excusesto give false reasons why you cannot do something找借口；编理由例句：Youre always making excuses for not helping me. 你总是找种种借口不来帮我。4. express verb /kspres/to show a feeling, opinion, or fact陈述；表达；表露例句： Her eyes expressed dee
8、p sadness. 她眼神中流露出深切的悲伤。【拓展】express yourselfto communicate what you think or feel, by speaking or writing, or in some other way表达自己（的想法或感受）例句：Im afraid Im not expressing myself very clearly. 恐怕我没把我的意思表达清楚。5. manner noun /mn.r/1). the way in which something is done方式，方法例句：She stared at me in an accus
9、ing manner. 她以责备的目光注视着我。2). the usual way in which you behave towards other people, or the way you behave on a particular occasion态度；举止例句： She has a somewhat cold, unfriendly manner. 她的态度相当冷淡、不友好。三、必背短语shake sbs hand 与某人握手 in public 公开地，在别人面前push in 插队，加塞 =cut in excuse me 劳驾by accident 偶然，意外地 soon
10、after 不久以后above all 首要的是 cut in on 打断（谈话），插嘴in someones way 挡住某人的路 keep from 保护，使免受as well 也，还有四、经典句型1. Youre old enough to learn about manners now, Hobo.霍波，现在你足够大了，可以学习礼仪了。2. You should learn about manners too.你也应该学习礼仪了。3. Youre never too old to learn.学无止境。4. Whats the proper way to greet people th
11、ere, Jenny?珍妮，在那里问候人的正确方式是什么？5. But please avoid subjects like age, weight or money.但是请避免问及一些像年龄、体重或钱这样的话题。6. These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table.这些规则很重要，因为我们要确保主人和客人都在餐桌旁感到舒适。三点剖析一、考点1. enough to的用法1). 该结构表示“某人/某物在某方面已经能够达到做某
12、事的程度”，即“某人/某物足够可以做某事”。enough 作副词时，需要放在被修饰词的后面。例句： The ice is hard enough to skate on.冰层够坚固，可以在上面滑冰。The water may not be warm enough to swim in. 水可能不够暖，还不适合游泳。2). 有时根据需要，动词不定式前还可加上由for 引出的逻辑主语。例句：This exercise is hard enough for a nine-year-old boy to do.这个练习对一个九岁的男孩来说做起来够难的。Its easy enough for us to
13、 carry such a light box.对我们来说，搬运这么轻的箱子足够容易了。3). 与so.that 句型的转换。可转换为：主语+be so+adj.+that sb.can do sth.例句：He is strong enough to carry the heavy box.He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.他身体足够健壮，能搬动这个重箱子。4). 与too.to 句型的转换。主语+be not+ adj.+enough to do sth.= 主语+be+too+adj.(反义词)+to do sth.例句：Th
14、e old man isnt young enough to climb the mountain. The old man is too old to climb the mountain.这位老人年纪太大了，不能登山。2. tooto的用法1). 该结构形式是肯定的，但表达否定意义，表示“太而不能”。too 后面接形容词或副词的原级，to后面接动词原形，构成动词不定式。例句： He is too young to join the army. 他年龄太小，不能参军。2). 动词不定式所表示的动作，其执行者与整个句子的主语不指同一个人或物时，需要在动词不定式前加上一个逻辑主语。例句： The
15、 maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.这道数学题太难了，我解不出它。3). too 前面含有表示否定意义的词，如not、never、nothing 等时，tooto结构不表示否定意义。例句： One is never 100 old to learn. 活到老，学到老。4). tooto结构与enough to结构以及sothat结构的相互转换。(1). 将tooto结构转换为enough to结构需注意： enough前的形容词或副词应是too后面的形容词或副词的反义词。 enough to结构应用否定式。 tooto结构有逻辑
16、主语时，enough to结构也要加上逻辑主语。例句： She is too young to do the work.She isnt old enough to do the work.她太年轻了，不能做这项工作。(2). 将tooto结构转换为sothat结构时要注意： sothat结构是复合句，so后面接形容词或副词，that后面接从句。 that后面的从句要用否定形式。例句：She is too young to do the work. She is so young that she cant do the work.她太年轻了，不能做这项工作。二、易错点1. loud和loud
17、ly1). loud作副词时意为“大声地，响亮地”，常用于谈笑方面，指说话声和笑声，一般和speak、talk、laugh、sing等动词连用，常用于比较级；它除作副词外还可作形容词。例句：Try to sing louder. 试着再大点儿声唱。2). loudly意为“大声地”，可指人声、敲门声或其他声音，强调声音喧闹、不悦耳。例句：He argued with his father loudly. 他大声地和父亲争辩。2. sometime; some time; sometimes; some times1). sometime用作副词时，意为“某个时候”，可指过去或将来的某个时候；用
18、作形容词时，意为“间或的，偶尔的”。例句：It happened sometime last month. 此事发生在上个月的某个时候。2). some time作名词词组，意为“一段时间”；作副词词组，意为“在某时”，相当于sometime。例句：I stayed here for some time. 我在这儿待了一段时间。3). sometimes频度副词，意为“有时”。例句：Sometimes they make model ships. 有时他们制作轮船模型。4). some times意为“几次”。例句：We have been there some times. 我们已经去过那儿
19、几次了。题模精选题模一：Unit 5 词汇应用例1.1.1 -Dont _ so rudely while were talking, OK?-Im sorry, but I really have something important to say.A cut out B cut downC cut off D cut in例1.1.2 根据句意及汉语提示完成句子。1). If you dont look after your pet bird in _ (正确的) ways, it will get ill easily.2). The charity aims to provide h
20、elp for people _ (在困难时).题模二：语法-enough to和tooto的用法例1.2.1 -Jim, I went to the concert last night. How big the hall is!-Yes, it is _ to hold more than one thousand people.A big enough B enough bigC too big D too small例1.2.2 翻译句子。1). 安迪很大方，给我们大家买了漂亮的礼物。_2). 西蒙不够强壮，不能游到河对面。_随堂练习随练1.1 There were some big
21、stones _ my way _ my way home.A in; on B on; in C in; by D at; by随练1.2 They always warn us _ ball games on the road to avoid _ ourselves.A to not play; hurting B not to play; to hurtC not play; hurting D not to play; hurting随练1.3 -Its a waste of water to leave the tap _.-Right. We should do what we
22、can _ water.A to run; to save B run; to saveC running; save D running; to save随练1.4 Dont _ if you want to be a polite person.A queue for your turn B cut in onC behave properly D be patient随练1.5 根据句意及汉语提示完成句子。1. When you visit a foreign country, it is necessary to know how to ask for help _ (礼貌地).2.
23、Many people are _ (排队等候) at the supermarket gate. What are they going to buy ?3. The teacher told us not to leave _ (垃圾) in the classroom.4. Dont _ (摘)flowers in the garden. Its not good.5. Its your _ (机会) to clean the classroom today, Sandy.6. Everyone makes mistakes. No one is _ (完美的).7. Jill is 1
24、9 years old, so we should buy 19 _ (蜡烛).8. We can see some public _ (指示牌) over there.9. Im still not clear about it. Could you _ (解释) it to me again?10. Have you _ (警告) them not to smoke here?随练1.6 -Who can help me carry the heavy box?-I think Ted is _ to do it. But the door is _ for him to go throu
25、gh.A too strong; too narrow B so strong; narrow enoughC enough strong; narrow enough D strong enough; too narrow自我总结课后作业作业1 -Its dangerous to drive after drinking.-Thats true. It can increase the _ of traffic accidents.A advantage B stress C safety D risk作业2 You should avoid _ books in the sun. Its
26、bad for your eyes, children.A read B reading C to read D to reading作业3 -Ill be away for a long time.-Dont worry. She can look after your pet _.A careful enough B enough carefulC carefully enough D enough carefully作业4 -Teamwork is very important in a football match.-I think so. _A The early bird catc
27、hes the worm.B Every dog has its day.C One tree cant make a forest.D Everything comes to him who waits.作业5 -I havent seen my grandparents for long. Im too busy _ them these days.-Why not call them instead?A visit B to visit C visiting D visited作业6 翻译句子。1. 会议室够大,可以容纳100人。_2. 他太忙了，不能按时完成作业。_3. 我很幸运，赶上
28、了最后一班公共汽车。_4. 她很友善,给了我们免费的午餐。_5. 他们太穷了，买不起房子。_答案解析题模精选题模一：Unit 5 词汇应用例1.1.1【答案】D【解析】 考查动词短语辨析，cut out剪下，删掉；cut down砍倒，减少；cut off切掉，切断；cut in打断（谈话），根据句意可知应选D。例1.1.2【答案】 1). proper2). in need【解析】 考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。题模二：语法-enough to和tooto的用法例1.2.1【答案】A【解析】 考查enough to和tooto结构辨析，末句句意：是的，它足够大，可以容纳一千多人。本句表达肯定意义，故选项C、D排除；enough修饰形容词时应后置。故选A。例1.2.2【答案】 1). Andy was generous
