1、江苏省自学考试英语语言学概论27037判断题题库及中文翻译江苏省自学考试英语语言学概论（27037）正确判断题题库及中文翻译1.Language is primarily speech ,and not the written form.语言主要是口语形式而不是书面形式。2.The relationship between the sounds and their meanings is arbitrary .声音和他们的意义之间的关系是任意的。3.Linguistic symbols are produced by human speech organs .语言符号是通过人类语言器官形成的。
2、4.English linguistics is a kind of descriptive linguistics .英语语言学是一种描述性语言学。5.Langue is more abstract than parole and therefore is not directly observable .语言比言语更加抽象，因此是不能直接观察的。（2009年10月考题）6.General linguistics deals with the whole human language .普遍语言学研究的是所有的人类语言。7.All the English words are not symb
3、olic .不是所有的英语单词都是有符号的。8.Descriptive linguistics studies one specific language .描述性语言学研究的是一种具体的语言。9.The spelling of words is not a reliable means of describing the English sounds .单词的拼写不是描述英语语音的一种可靠方式。10.In terms of tension of the muscles at pharynx ,vowels are grouped into tense vowels and lax vowel
4、s .根据咽喉肌肉的松弛状态，元音可以分成紧元音和松元音。11.A phoneme is an abstract element in the sound system of a language while allophones are variants of a single abstract element.音位是语言的语音系统中一种抽象的成分，而音位变体是一种抽象成分的变体。12.The sounds that are in contrastive distribution are different phonemes .处于对比分布的语音是不同的音位。13.Two plosives（
5、爆破音） cant go together at the beginning of words .在单词的开头两个爆破音不能搭配在一起。14.Short vowels do not occur finally .短元音不发生在词尾。15.All vowels can occur initially except u and u .所有的元音都发生在开头除了u和u.16.The sounds that are in complementary distribution and also phonetically similar are allophones of the same phoneme
6、. 处于互补性分布并且语音上相似的两个音是同一个音位的音位变体。17.All languages have sequential constraints .所有的语言都有序列限制。18.If the initial sound is an affricate ,the next sound must be a vowel.如果开头的音是一个塞擦音或者破擦音，那么下一个音一定是一个元音。19.Phonetic transcriptions（语音音标） include all the linguistically relevant features of sounds ; phonemic tra
7、nscriptions （音位音标）only record distinctive qualities of sounds which can differentiate the meanings of words .语音音标包括了声音的所有相关语言特征。而音位音标只记录了能够区分单词意思的声音的区别性特质。20.The two words “bit ” and “bought ” form a minimal pair.Bit 和bought 两个单词构成一对最小对立体。21.A palatal plosive appears before or after a front vowel.一个
8、硬腭爆破音出现在一个前元音前面或后面。22.A morpheme is not equated with a syllable .一个词素并不等同于一个音节。23.All free morphemes are roots .所有的自由词素都是词根。24.All roots are not free morphemes .不是所有的词根都是自由词素。25.If two or more minimal meaningful sequences of phonemes are identical in both form and meaning ,then they are regarded as
9、one morph.如果一个或者更多音位的最小的有意义的序列在形式和意思上都一样，那么它们被视为一个形素。26.Inflectional affixes never cause a change in grammatical class.屈折词缀不会导致语法等级的变化。27.If two or more minimal meaningful sequences of phonemes are the same in meaning but different in forms, then there are as many morphs as there are forms .如果两个或者更多
10、音位的最小的有意义的序列在意思上一样，但是形式不同的话，那么形素和形式一样多。28.If two or more minimal meaningful sequences of phonemes are different both in form and in meaning ,then there are as many morphs as there are different forms and meanings .如果两个或者更多音位的最小的有意义的序列在形式和意思上都不一样，那么有许多形素有不同的形式和意义。29.If both inflectional and derivatio
11、nal affixes occur in the same word ,derivational affixes always appear before inflectional affixes .如果屈折性词缀和派生词缀同时发生在一个单词上，那么派生词缀总是出现在屈折性词缀之前。30.Phonemes are said to be minimal distinctive units in the sound system of a language .音位是语言的语音系统中最小的有甄别性特征的单位。31.Morphemes are defined as minimal meaningful
12、 units in the grammatical system of a language .语素或词素是语言的语法系统中最小的有意义的单位。32.Morphs are the realizations of a particular morpheme.语子是某一个特定词素的体现。33.The word SARS is formed by the process of acronymy .单词SARS是通过首字母缩写法形成的。34.Clipping refers to the process whereby a word is shortened without a change in th
13、e meaning and in the part of speech . 略写法或者截短法指的是不改变意思和词性而将一个单词加以简略的构词过程。35.Acronymy is the process by which words are formed by putting the initial letters of several words together . 首字母缩略法是指通过把许多单词的首字母合并而构成新词的过程。36.Rearrangement of the words of a sentence yields either an ungrammatical sentence o
14、r a different sentence.一个句子单词的重新排列要么产生一个不合乎语法的句子要么是一个不同的句子。37.The paradigmatic relation is a kind of relation between linguistic forms in a sentence and linguistic forms outside the sentence.纵聚合关系是句子中语言形式和句子外语言形式之间的一种关系。38.The hierarchical relation shows us the inner layering of sentence.等级关系或层次关系为我
15、们表明了句子的内部层次。39.The dynamic study of sentences deals with two levels of structure :both surface structure and deep structure .句子的动态研究涉及两种结构层次：表层结构和深层结构。（2010年1月考题）40.A surface structure is pronounceable .表层结构是读得出的。41.A surface structure corresponds most closely to the linear arrangement of words as t
16、hey are pronounced . 表层结构最符合单词的线性排列。42.A deep structure is not pronounceable .深层结构是读不出的。43.A deep structure corresponds most closely to the meaningful grouping of words. 深层结构最符合单词有意义的组合。 （2009年10月考题）44.A surface structure is relatively concrete.表层结构相对而言是具体的。45.A surface structure gives the form of a
17、 sentence as it is used in communication . 表层结构给出了在交流中一个句子的形式。46.A deep structure is abstract .深层结构是抽象的。47.A deep structure gives the meaning of a sentence.深层结构解释句子的意思。48.The basic order of T-rules for Wh-word questions is :the Wh-word insertion rule T-Yes/No question T-Do insertion the Wh-word swit
18、ching rule T-Affix.对于WH问句的转换规则的基本顺序是：T-Yes/No question T-Do insertion the Wh-word switching rule T-Affix.49.Some words do not have negative connotations when they are used generally .Nevertheless , in some contexts , they may take on additional meaning .一些单词一般没有负面的隐涵意义，但是，在一些情境中，它们可能会表现出额外的意思。50.The
19、 connotation of a word is language-specific .一个单词的隐涵意义是跟语言相关的。51.The word “boy” is neutral in general without any negative sense. However , when a twenty-year-old white man calls a forty-year-old black man “boy”, it obviously has a negative connotation reflecting the racist attitude of the speaker.单
20、词“男孩”一般而言是中性的，没有任何的负面意义。但是，当一个二十岁的白人称呼一个四十岁的黑人“男孩”的时候，很明显反映了说话者具有种族歧视态度的负面隐涵意义。52.Some words or phrases always have negative associations . For example , the English word thirteen is always associated with bad luck.一些单词或者短语总是有负面的联想。比如，英语单词13总是联想到坏运气。53.An English word and a Chinese equivalent may ha
21、ve the same denotative meaning （外延意义）but different connotations .一个英语单词和对应的中文汉字也许外延意义一样，但是隐涵意义不同。54.Sometimes a word can be used as a general term as well as a specific term.有时候一个单词可以作为一个概括意义的词使用也可以作为一个具体意义的词使用。55.Some words form a hierarchical structure of a hyponymic relation , which moves from ge
22、neral to specific .At the top of the hierarchical structure is the most general term and at the bottom are the most specific terms .The terms “general ” and “specific ” are relative terms .一些单词形成了具有上下义关系的等级结构，从概括意义到具体意义。在等级结构最上面是概括意义的词，而最底部的是具体意义的词。术语“概括”和“具体”是相对的术语。56.There is variability across la
23、nguages as to the exact nature of particular hyponymic relationships .关于某种特定的上下义关系的具体性质，不同语言之间是不一样的。57.If two words A and B show part/whole relationship , and if A is a whole and B is a part ,then B is “a part of ”A ,but not B is “a kind of ” A.如果两个单词A和B,显示了部分/整体关系，而且A是一个整体，B是一个部分，那么B是A的一部分，但不是A的一种。
24、 （2009年10月考题）58.Some synonyms have the denotative meaning but show differences in connotative meaning .一些近义词有外延意义，但是在内涵意义上不同。59.When we concentrate on the denotative meaning of words , we may find that words that appear to be synonymous at first glance are used to refer to slightly different sets of
25、 concepts or occur in different situations of use.当我们关注一些单词的外延意义时，我们也许发现，第一眼看上去是同义词的单词，在概念上是稍有不同的或者使用在不同的情境里。60.Some synonyms have the same meaning but different collocations .一些同义词意思一样但是搭配不一样。61.Complementary pairs of words are mutually exclusive and complementary .互补性反义词是非此即彼的，是互补的，62.The meaning
26、of gradable pairs of antonyms is characterized by relativity .可分等级的反义词的意义特征在于相对性。63.In gradable pairs of antonyms , very often one is marked and the other unmarked . The unmarked member is more neutral than the marked one and is thus used in questions of degree.在可分等级的反义词中，经常一个是有记号的，一个没有记号。没有记号的比有记号的
27、更加中性，因此被使用于具有等级的问句中。64.The semantic ambiguity（词汇歧义） that is caused by ambiguous words rather than by ambiguous structures is called lexical ambiguity . 由有歧义的单词而不是由有歧义的结构所导致的语义歧义称为词汇歧义。65.The meaning of a sentence is much more than sum of the meanings of the individual words in a sentence.一个句子的意思并不总是
28、句子中各个独立单词意义的综合。66.A recipient receives a physical object.间接宾语接收一个物质实体。67.Semantic roles and grammatical functions are quite different notions .语义角色和语法功能是完全不同的概念。68.The notion of grammatical functions is independent of the notion of semantic roles.语法功能的概念是独立于（不依赖）语义角色概念的。69.Semantic roles do not appe
29、ar to be constrained by grammatical functions .语义角色并不受到语法功能的限制。70.“John married a blond heiress ” entails “John married a blond ”.“约翰娶了了一个金发碧眼的女继承人”蕴涵了“约翰娶了一个金发碧眼的人”。江苏省自学考试英语语言学概论（27037）错误判断题题库及中文翻译1.Every language contains a finite number of sentences; however, it has an infinite set of words and
30、a large set of rules, so language is creative. 每种语言都包括无数的句子，而这些句子由有限的规则和有限的单词所构造的。因此将finite 改为infinite , infinite 改为finite ,同时将large 改为small.2.In theory , the length of sentences is limited .从理论上来讲，句子的长度是无限的，因此将limited 改为unlimited .3.Linguistic symbols are a kind of visual symbols , which include vo
31、cal symbols 。语言符号包括两种visual symbols （视觉符号）和auditory symbols （听觉符号），同时vocal symbols ,是由人类语音器官发出的，它属于auditory symbols 的一部分。不是visual symbols 的一部分。4.Every language has two levels :grammatically-meaningless and sound-meaningful. 语言有两个层次：语法上有意义的层次和声音上无意义的层次。因此将句子改成Language has two levels .They are grammat
32、ically meaningful level and sound meaningless level.5.Such features of language as being creative ,vocal ,and arbitrary can differentiate human languages from animal communicative systems.人类语言区别于动物交流系统的特征有创造性，任意性，但是vocal 却是两者都有的特征。6.General linguistics aims at developing a theory that describes the rules of a particular language. 普遍语言学把语言作为一个整体进行研究，因此将a particular language 改成human languages in general . 7.Competence is more concrete than performance. 语言能力是抽象的，而语言运用是
