1、届高考英语一轮复习 学通语法 第十二讲 情态动词和虚拟语气 新人教版第十二讲 情态动词和虚拟语气(一)情态动词单句语法填空1(2015北京高考改编)Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really must go now. My daughter is home alone.2. (2015福建高考改编)Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You should_have_made (make) full preparations.3(2015陕西
2、高考改编)You may feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.4(2015重庆高考改编)You must be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.5(2014江西高考改编)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest might become the richest.6(2014四川高考改编)I still remem
3、ber my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends.7(2014江苏高考改编)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, should bring me food.8(2013辽宁高考改编)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He must_have_drunk (drink) too much at the party last night.一、情态动词的基本用法(一)can/could的用法1表示能力，意为“
4、能，会”。Many people can use the computer.许多人会用电脑。No one could answer this challenging question.没人能回答这个具有挑战性的问题。2表示客观或理论上的可能性。It can be very hot here in summer.这里夏天有时会很热。Accidents can happen to any drunken driver.醉酒的司机都有可能发生交通事故。3表示请求或允许。在疑问句中could可以代替can，语气更委婉。Can I have a word with you? It wont take l
5、ong.(2014北京高考单选)我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。4表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。He cant be our manager. He has gone to Beijing.他不可能是我们经理。我们经理已经去北京了。He cant have left. His coat is here.他不可能已经走了。他的外套还在这里。(二)may/might的用法1表示请求和许可。在疑问句中might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?Yes, you
6、may.我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？是的，可以。2表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He might not come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。为什么你邀请他？别担心，他或许不会来。他说他还不能确定他的计划。3表示祝愿，常用结构为“May主语动词原形！”May you be happy every day!愿你快乐每一天！(三)must的用
7、法1表示“必须”，语气强烈。have to表示“不得不”，意义与must相近，但又有所区别。must表示说话人的主观看法，have to则强调客观需要；must只有一种形式，而have to有人称、时态等方面的变化。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting.我该马上通知他日程改了吗？我想你必须(通知他)，以免他开会迟到。I have to go now , because my mother is i
8、n hospital.我现在不得不走了，因为我母亲在住院。2表示推测，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet.昨天一定有人用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。3意为“偏要，非要不可”。If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停止。4mustnt表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。That car is my property; you mustnt use it without my perm
9、ission.那辆车是我的财产，你必须得到我的允许才能使用。(四)shall的用法1用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。Shall we put off the sports meet till next month?我们能否将运动会推迟到下个月？Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗？2用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。You shall be punished for what you have done.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩
10、罚。(五)should/ought to的用法1should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。We should be strict with ourselves.我们对自己应该严格要求。2should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。Such a gentleman should do that.这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。3ought to表示义务或责任，意为“应该”，语气比should稍重。You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。4should和ought to表示推测，指
11、预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。She promised to come by 10 oclock. She should/ought to be here at any moment.她答应10点之前来的。她随时都可能来到。(六)will/would的用法1表示意愿、意志、决心。will指现在，would指过去。I will never talk to him again.我再也不愿意和他说话了。Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out
12、so late at night.为什么你昨天晚上没来参加西蒙的聚会？我想去参加，但只是我妈妈不愿意让我那么晚出去。2表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气委婉。Would you mind opening the window for me?请你给我打开窗户好吗？3表示习惯性动作、固有属性、必然趋势，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。Fish will die without water.没有水，鱼会死去的。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步
13、。Mum would tell us stories before we went to bed.过去在我们上床睡觉前，妈妈总给我们讲故事。4表示功能，意为“能，可以”，常用于否定句。The door wont open.这门打不开。(七)need的用法作情态动词时，need没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。其否定形式是在其后直接加not，疑问形式是直接将need提到主语前。由need构成的一般疑问句，其肯定回答用must。You neednt be told twice about one single thing.同一件事不必对你说两遍。Need I tell
14、him everything thats happened to his parents?Yes, you must./No, you neednt.我有必要告诉他有关他父母发生的一切吗？是的，必须。/不，没必要。need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称和数的变化，后面可跟名词、带to的不定式或动名词等作宾语，其否定形式、疑问形式都要通过助动词do构成。 Plants need light in order to survive.植物存活必须有光照。Do I need to leave my telephone number and address?我有必要把电话号码和地址留下吗？You dont
15、 need to hand in your compositions today.你们今天不必交作文。二、“情态动词have done”的用法情态动词have done用法must have done一定做过某事，其否定形式为cant/couldnt have donecan/could have done1.本来能够做某事但却未做2可能做过某事cant/couldnt have done不可能做过某事may/might have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了neednt have done做了本没有
16、必要做的事情He is so happy. He must have won the match.他这么高兴，他一定赢了这次比赛。She cant have read about the explosion. She didnt know anything about it.她不可能读过关于爆炸的消息，她对此一点也不知道。You could have done better, but you were too careless.你本来能做得更好些，但你当时太粗心了。She may have bought the dictionary, but Im not sure.她可能买了那本词典，但我不
17、太确信。Sorry, Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。Look! There are so many mistakes in your composition.You should have fixed full attention on it.看！ 你的作文里有这么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。We neednt have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be
18、 with us for dinner.既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭，我们原本不必买那么多食物。(二)虚拟语气单句语法填空1(2012广东高考语法填空)He walked in as if he had_bought (buy) the school.2(2015安徽高考改编)It is lucky we booked a room, or we would_have (have) nowhere to stay now.3(2015重庆高考改编)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldnt_have_written (not write)
19、 his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.4(2015天津高考改编)I wish I had_been (be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.5(2015陕西高考改编)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced (dance) as well as her.6(2014北京高考改编)We would_be (be) back in the hotel now if you didnt
20、 lose the map.7(2014福建高考改编)If there were (be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.8(2013陕西高考改编)My mom suggests that we should_eat (eat) out for a change this weekend.一、if条件句中的虚拟语气if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/coul
21、d/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词表示将来情况should动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形动词过去式were to动词原形If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all.如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。If Mr. Dewey had been present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there
22、.(2014湖南高考单选)如果Dewey先生在场的话，他就会为那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow, I would invite him home.如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。二、错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。If we had booked a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.(2013北京高考单选)如
23、果我们早一点订一张桌子，现在就不会站在这里排队了。If you hadnt left home without a word, your parents wouldnt be so worried now.要是你说句话再离开家，你父母现在就不会那么担心了。三、省略if的倒装句在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。Were she my daughter, I wouldnt allow her to study abroad.如果她是我的女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。Had he caught the morning train, he wo
24、uld not have been late for the meeting.(2014天津高考单选)如果他赶上了早班火车，他就不会开会迟到了。四、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise, but, or, without, but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。But for your advice, I would have failed.If you hadnt given me advice, I would have failed.如果不是你的建议，我会失败的。Without your help, I wouldnt have succe
25、eded anyway.If you hadnt helped me, I wouldnt have succeeded anyway.没有你的帮助，我无论如何也不会成功。五、(should) do .结构的虚拟语气1用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。一主张：insist二命令：or
26、der, command三建议：suggest, advise, recommend四要求：request, require, ask, demand外加一个敦促：urgeThe school recommends parents not permit their children to swim in rivers or lakes during summer holidays.学校建议父母在暑假别允许他们的小孩在河里或湖里游泳。2用于主语从句中在It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/
27、natural/a pity/essentialthat从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下周。3用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion, proposal, order, idea(意见，想法), request, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。My idea is that we (should) think
28、 it over before accepting it.我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。Your suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is reasonable.你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。六、wish 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式 be用were 2.对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词3.对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would/could/might动词原形)I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly
29、freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。I wish you had come to the lecture.但愿你当时来听报告了。We wish we would live on the moon one day. 但愿我们有一天能住在月球上。七、其他句型中的虚拟语气1would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。When my father is upset, he would rather we left him alone.当我的父亲烦恼的时候， 他更喜欢我们
30、不打扰他。Id rather you hadnt told me about it.我宁愿你没有告诉我那件事。2在“It is (about/high) timethat从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should动词原形”表示虚拟语气。Its high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。3as if, as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。It seems as though it were spring already.看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是)The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seems as if she had been to the moon many time
