1、大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟130大学英语考试复习资料大学四级模拟130大学四级模拟130Part WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My Idea on How for Beijing to Prepare the 2008 Olympic Games. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:问题:1
2、.My Idea on How for Beijing to Prepare the 2008 Olympic Games 1. 简述北京目前准备2008奥运会的情况; 2. 北京2008奥运会筹备过程中尚存在的问题; 3. 我对北京如何办好这次奥运会的建议 答案: My Idea on How for Beijing to Prepare the 2008 Olympic Games As a young student (cadre, engineer, technician), I am an active citizen in greeting the 2008 Olympic Gam
3、es. As its host, Beijing is now busy in propagating for its advent. Since it is the first time for Beijing to host such a world gathering, we are naturally short of experience. And since it involves so many aspects, the whole nation should be mobilized to participate in actively. In facing the task,
4、 I have got some suggestions for its success: First, tours should be organized to go over the places such games have been held before to learn their positive experience. Secondly, architectural qualities and financial contributions should be stressed to promote its success. Thirdly, careful calculat
5、ions of costs and expenditures has to be done so as to avoid waste. Though I am just a small potato, I wish my suggestion would win due attention from the authorities concerned. Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passag
6、e quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 810, com
7、plete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Academic Freedom refers to the right of teachers and researchers, particularly in colleges and universities, to investigate their respective fields of knowledge and express their views without fear of restraint or dismissal from office.
8、The right rests on the assumption that open and free inquiry within a teachers or researchers field of study is essential to the pursuit of knowledge and to the performance of his or her proper educational function. At present this right is observed generally in countries in which education is regar
9、ded as a means not only of pouring in established views but also of enlarging the existing body of knowledge. The concept of academic freedom implies also that a teachers employment depends primarily on the competence of teachers in their fields rather than on irrelevant considerations such as polit
10、ical or religious beliefs or attachments. The concept and practice of academic freedom, as recognized presently in Western civilization, date roughly from the 17th century. Before the 17th century, intellectual activities at universities were restricted largely by theological considerations, and opi
11、nions or conclusions that conflicted with religious doctrines were likely to be condemned as heretical. In the late 17th century the work of such men as the English philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes helped pave the way for academic freedom in the modern sense. Their writings demonstrated the
12、 need for unlimited inquiry in the sciences and for a general approach to learning unrestrained by preconceptions of any kind. In the 18th and 19th centuries, universities in Western Europe and the United States enjoyed increasing academic freedom as acceptance of the experimental methods of the sci
13、ences became more widespread and as control of institutions by religious denominations became less rigorous. In Britain, however, religious tests for graduation, fellowships, and teaching positions were not abolished until the late 19th century. During the second half of the 20th century academic fr
14、eedom was recognized broadly in most Western countries. However, violations of the right increased as dictatorship emerged in various countries, notably in Germany, Italy, and Russia. Educators in Italy were forced to pledge support to the Fascist regime. Similar restrictions, including the teaching
15、 of racist theories in some fields, were enforced in German universities under National Socialism. Violations of academic freedom also occurred in the United States in the 20th century. A notable example was the Scopes trial, held in Dayton, Tennessee, in 1925. A high school teacher was accused and
16、convicted of violating a state law that forbade the teaching of the theory of evolution in the public schools. This legislation was abolished in 1967. In the early 1950s, largely because of congressional investigations of communism in the U. S. , many institutions of higher learning adopted regulati
17、ons requiring loyalty oaths from university teachers. Some of these oaths, insofar as they were required only of teachers, were declared unconstitutional in some state courts. All professional associations of teachers and administrators, including the Nation al Education Association, the American As
18、sociation of Colleges, and the American Association of University Professors, are opposed to special loyalty oaths and to all violations of academic freedom. The 1960s and early 1970s were marked by protest and violence on college campuses over United States involvement in the war in Vietnam. In som
19、e places professors were dismissed or arrested for pro testing American participation in the war. This turmoil reached a tragic climax in 1970 with the killing of several students during campus demonstrations. In the long run, however, these disturbances led to a broad recognition of the legitimate
20、concerns of students about the quality of higher education, and of the responsibility of universities, rather than the public or the government, to maintain essential academic order. By 1973, when U. S. troops were withdrawn from Vietnam, a general growth in higher education was under way. Significa
21、nt increase in enrollments and expansion of faculties, as well as a broadening of the makeup of both student and faculty populations, contributed to a vast enrichment of the academic curriculum, to increasing faculty control over the content of programs, and, overall, to the enhancement of the freed
22、om to teach and to learn in colleges and universities. Beginning in the early 1970s in the United States(and somewhat later in other countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom), however, institutions of higher education were faced with serious financial problems which also harmed academic freed
23、om. For example, the rise in irregular faculty appointments, intended to save money, created a virtual underclass of teachers lacking the employment security generally considered necessary for the exercise of academic freedom. Threats to and violations of academic freedom continued in the 1980s. The
24、 U. S. government, in the name of national security, imposed severe restraints on the publication of research results. The influence of resurgent religious conservatism was felt in some areas in effort to introduce religious teachings in elementary and secondary schools, and in limits on free expres
25、sion at church-affiliated colleges and universities. 1. According to the passage, academic freedom is the right of researching and expressing that only be longs to students.答案:N由首段首句提到：“Academic Freedom refers to the right of teachers and researchers.”，所以本题答案为N。2. The concept, accademic freedom, con
26、strued a teachers employment depends mainly on political or religious beliefs or attachments.答案:N第一段最后一句提到：“The concept of academic freedom implies also that a teachers employment depends primarily on the competence of teachers in their fields rather than on irrelevant considerations such as.”，由此可知本
27、题答案为“N”。3. In the 18th and 19th centuries, universities in western Europe and United States enjoyed increasing academic freedom because of acceptance of the experimental methods of the sciences.答案:Y迅速在文章中找到“18th”和“19th”这两个关键词，发现第二段中提到“In the 18th and 19th centuries，universities in western Europe and
28、 the United States enjoyed increasing academic freedom as acceptance of the experimental.”。由此可知本题答案为“Y”。4. Violation of academic freedom emerged in Germany, Italy and Russia in 20th century.答案:Y文中第三段提到“.,violations of the right increased as dictatorship emerged in various countries，notably in German
29、y，Italy，and Russia”，所以本题答案为“Y”。5. There was no violations of accademic freedom in U.S. in 20th century.答案:N文中第四段首句“Violations also occurred in the united states in the 20th century,”由此可知，本题答案为“N”。6. Accademic freedom, performed well in China, is thought as the right of natural.答案:NG文中没有涉及此内容。7. The
30、U.S. government has done a series of restrictions on the publication of academic papers.答案:NG文中没有涉及此内容。8. During the second half of the 20th century academic freedom was recognized broadly in _.答案:most western countries9. In the early 1950s, largely because of _, many institutions of higher learning
31、 adopted regulations requiring loyalty oaths from university teachers.答案:congressional investigations of communism in the U. S.10. _ was felt in some areas in effort to introduce religious teachings in elementary and secondary schools.答案:The influence of resurgent religious conservatism.Part Listeni
32、ng ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
