1、中考英语 常考易错点 专题二十三 书面表达书面表达知识清单一、 应用文应用文是人们日常生活或工作中经常使用的文体,包括书信、电子邮件、通知、便条、启事等。其语言重在实用,要求朴实、准确、简洁。应用文在实践中逐渐形成了各自的格式,且各种格式都有一定的规范。掌握应用文的基本结构和特点是学生应该具备的基本功之一。【例1】(2014浙江宁波)书面表达假如你是Mike,后天是父亲节,请你根据下面所给信息,写一封信,回忆去年夏天与父亲一起爬山的难忘经历,作为一份送给父亲的特殊礼物。注意:1. 信中应包含所提供的信息,并展开合理的想象;2. 信中不能出现真实的姓名;3. 词数:80词左右。(信的开头和结尾已
2、给出,不计入总词数)Dear Daddy,Its a gift for Fathers Day when you are reading it.I still remember the day last summer when Now, I want to say; I love you, Daddy. You raise me up!Happy Fathers Day!Yours,Mike【参考范文】Dear Daddy,Its a gift for Fathers Day when you are reading it.I still remember the day last summe
3、r when early in the morning. But,unluckily,it began to be cold and tired. So I couldnt help complaining. But you told me not to give up and put your coat on me softly,“We will reach the top.” You really cheered me up. What beautiful nature that I had never seen.Now,I want to say:I love you,Daddy. Yo
4、u raise me up!Happy Fathers Day!Yours,Mike二、 看图作文看图作文,是以文字(中文或英文)和画面两种形式向同学们提供信息,有的是要同学们写,有的要填空或补全对话。同学们在审题时,不仅要审“文”,而且要审“图”。同学们只有根据题目的文字和画面内容提供的信息,进行综合考虑,立意选材,才能写出切合题意、主题鲜明的短文来。【例2】(2014浙江杭州)假设你是李平,最近你学习上遇到困惑。请用英语给你的英国朋友Nancy写一封电子邮件,讲述你的问题并寻求她的帮助。注意:1. 邮件必须包括下面三幅画所描述的内容。 2. 词数80左右,开头和结尾已给出(不计词数)。参考
5、词汇:考试不及格 fail the exam熬夜 stay up lateHi Nancy,How are you? Hope youre well. Im ready looking forward to receiving your reply soon.Love,Li Ping【参考范文】Hi Nancy,How are you? Hope youre well. Probably I need your help. I failed the math exam yesterday. My mom was mad at me. In order to do better next tim
6、e,I stayed up late last night for my math homework. Since I didnt get enough sleep. I felt sleepy this morning. My teacher noticed it. She came up and asked what was wrong with me,but I didnt teel the truth. What should I do? Can you give me some advice?Im ready looking forward to receiving your rep
7、ly soon.Love,Li Ping三、 提示作文提示作文是书面表达的重要组成部分,它包括文字提示和图片(含表格)提示,主要考查学生综合运用英语的能力,特别是较好地考查学生的观察能力、联想能力、灵活运用所学英语知识的能力和初步运用英语表达思想的能力。写好提示作文要牢记“五个要诀”:1. 仔细审题,抓住重点。审题是解题的关键,情景作文的审题要抓四个字:一是“内容”;二是“形式”。所谓“内容”,即写什么;所谓“形式”即表达所需要的文体。2. 快速构思,书写提纲。构思速度要快,因为考试时间有限,不允许考生花太多时间思考需要表达的内容。列提纲也是做书面表达题的一个重要步骤,纲举目张,表达起来就会得
8、心应手。编拟提纲要全面、具体、明确、恰当。3. 认真选择,推敲句式。写作过程中要灵活运用所学词汇、语法和句型来组织语言。尽量使用同学们最熟悉、最有把握的句型。遇到生疏的词句要灵活变通。例如:要表达“听到这个消息,他欣喜若狂。”我们可以用He was wild with joy at the news. 也可以用更为熟悉的句型:He was glad to hear the news. 或When he heard the news,he was very glad. 或He was glad at the news.4. 注意顺序,连贯文章。情景作文不像单个翻译句子,要组织好文章表达的层次顺序
9、,注意表达的准确性、连贯性,还要符合英语习惯。5. 检查核对,书写正规。一篇短文写完后,一定要认真检查,看其内容是否完整,要点是否有遗漏,主题是否符合要求,并且要检查单词的拼写及大小写、短语的运用,语法、句型结构的准确性,以及标点符号使用的规范性,避免不必要的失分。再就是书写一定要认真、规范、整洁、漂亮。【例3】(2013青海)某英文报社以“My dream,the Chinese dream”为题开展征文活动,请根据以下提示和要求用英语写一篇短文投稿。提示:1. 谈谈你的梦想,并说明如何才能实现你的梦想;2. 只要每个人为自己梦想去努力,中国梦就能得到实现。要求:1. 短文要包含提示中的要点
10、,但可以适当表达自己的观点;2. 短文不少于80词;3. 短文开头已给出,不计入总词数。My Dream,the Chinese DreamEveryone has a dream. Dream is regarded as the goal of ones life. 【写作指导】本篇文章需要考生根据题目中所提供的信息,用英语介绍自己的梦想,并说明如何实现它,由此引发对中国梦的理解,呼吁只要每个人都努力实现自己的梦想,那么我们的中国梦就指日可待了。人称为第一人称。时态以一般现在时态和一般将来时相结合。体裁以记叙文和议论文相结合。【参考范文】My Dream,the Chinese Dream
11、Everyone has his own dream. Dream is regarded as the goal of ones life.My Dream is to be a good doctor. The reason why I want to be it is that some doctors saved my life after I was badly injured in a traffic accident. Their super medical skills impressed me deeply. From then on,to be a doctor in th
12、e future has always been an inspiration to me. I have been working very hard in order to turn my dream into reality.Ones personal dream is a part of the Chinese dream. Therefore,as long as everyone makes great effort to do their own jobs very well,it will be easier to reach our Chinese dream because
13、 we know “the more people,the more strength”.提分策略一、 备考对策书面表达能力的提高关键在于平时积累,要想写出优秀的英语短文,平时要做好以下两点:1. 多背诵好的篇章、段落。朗读是接触和吸收语言最好、最主要的途径。在阅读中能熟记好的表达方式,优美的句子,某些常用的短语,逐渐积累,就会大大丰富书面表达的材料,有文可写了。每单元学完后,我们可以选择一些较实用的对话、短文朗读或背诵。2. 做好造句语段成文的过渡。(1)造句是写作训练的初步形式,其目的在于培养学生“连词组句”的能力。它涉及到词类、词意、词与词的搭配关系以及句子成分、句型转换等多方面的知识。
14、每单元结束后,可对本单元的生词、词组进行造句的练习。基础不好的考生可进行抄写或仿写在文中出现的句子,基础较好的可自己造出新的句子。(2)训练语段是组词成句、成段的引申,是写作的雏形,准备一个写作本,可以从学校、家庭、朋友、教师、节日、人物等简单话题着手,或对书本的一些语段进行改写或缩写,再联系自己实际水平进行扩展。(3)对平时写作中普遍存在的汉语式作文现象,语篇布局及衔接能力弱,写作内容贫乏,语法错误多等问题进行总结分析,多看老师推荐的范文,学会对比借鉴。在中考前,有所侧重地进行各种文体的写作训练,根据给定的题目,在规定的时间内独立完成。写作水平的提高并不是一朝一夕的事情,只有掌握良好的写作技
15、巧,循序渐进,不断训练,不断积累,每天坚持写英语日记,多读适合自己英语水平的原版著作,提高自己的英语素养,从而在中考中获得满意的成绩。二、 技巧点拨1. 仔细审题,弄清要求。对题目所提供的信息,一定要认真分析。审题中要明确:(1)以何种体裁来写;(2)有几个要点;(3)选用哪些词汇、短语和句型;(4)用什么时态、语态;(5)如何过渡。2. 组织语言,连句成篇。这是整个写作过程的关键环节。要围绕审题时明确的要点按一定顺序去写。此时必须遵循以下原则:(1)尽量用学过的有把握的词汇。由于这些词汇是熟悉而且常用的,所以不易出错。(2)尽量多用简单句,少用复合句;多用短句,少用长句。(3)语言要准确,符
16、合英语习惯,避免汉语式英语。尽量套用基本句型,写自己最有把握的句子。不要硬译,遇到难以表达的说法,要学会变通。正说不行就反过来说。(4)注意上下文衔接。正确使用过渡词或过渡句,使文章结构紧凑。(5)字迹工整,书写规范,卷面整洁,段落分明,控制词数。【一招制胜】3. 全面检查,认真修改。在初稿完成后,应通读全文,进行细心的检查。检查时应着重注意以下内容:(1)单词拼写;(2)动词时态和语态;(3)冠词、介词用法;(4)主谓一致;(5)名词、代词的单复数及前后照应;(6)标点、格式等。专项训练书面表达一(2014江苏江阴)请以“Are we ready for the Senior High Sc
17、hool Entrance Examination?”为题,用英语写一篇短文,内容要点如下:1. 现在相当一些老师上课语速很快,有太多的考试,几乎没有闲暇时间来进行课外活动;2. 有的学生过去懒惰,但现在已经意识到错误,并全身心投入到学习中去;人人都想超越自己;3. 你的备考的安排、期望注意事项:1. 短文须包括所有内容要点,要求语句通顺、意思连贯; 2. 第3要点的内容用23句话作适当发挥; 3. 词数80个左右,短文的开头已给出,不计入总词数。Are We Ready for the Senior High School Entrance Examination?How times fli
18、es! The Senior High School Entrance Examination is coming soon! 书面表达二(2014江苏常州)你班共有50名学生,对常州2015年到2105年的未来生活进行了讨论,结果如下。请根据图表信息,写一篇90词左右的短文。要求:1. 内容齐全;2. 对每条内容进行适当评论。 书面表达三(2014深圳二模)生活中每个人都有过与他人分享的体验,如分享一本有趣的书、一段难忘的经历、一个闪光的想法现在,某英文报纸就“分享(Sharing)”话题征文,请你投稿。描述一次你与他人分享的经历,并谈谈你的感受。词数80左右。提示词语:share.with
19、.; experience; interest; learn; change; encourage; enjoy; happiness; confident 书面表达四(2013河南安阳)Jack是一名九年级的学生,最近迷上手机游戏,经常玩到深夜,睡眠不足,不能认真听讲,导致成绩下降。妈妈很生气,不再让他使用手机。假如你是他的朋友Tina,请你写一封信给他,建议他要合理使用手机,如查阅资料,记单词等。同时,考试在即,要理解父母、老师的心情,要主动去沟通,得到他们的原谅和帮助。要求:包含所给要点,语言流畅,意思连贯,适当拓展;词数80词左右;开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:become
20、 poor in study;get angry with;communicate with;forgiveDear Jack,I am sorry to hear that you quarreled with your parents about playing mobile phone games. Yours,Tina书面表达五(2013江苏南京)有一种节约叫光盘,有一种公益叫光盘!所谓光盘,就是吃光你盘子中的食物。拒绝浪费,珍惜粮食!针对这项行动,并根据以下提示,请你以No Wasting on Food为题写一篇短文,号召大家参与这项活动。注意:1. 短文必须包括所有内容要点,可适
21、当发挥;2. 短文标题与开头已为你写好,不计入总词数;3. 词数:80左右。Reasonsa waste of food, money pollute the environment.Suggestionseat up all your food/clear your plateleftovers(剩饭菜).order less or smaller dishes.No Wasting on FoodRecently,nearly 26 restaurants in Nanjing have joined the“Clearing Your Plate” campaign(活动) agains
22、t wasting food by offering smaller dishes. 书面表达六(2013广东佛山)最近的一项研究表明大约20%的学生有不吃早饭的习惯. 请根据下列内容写一篇题为 “Top Meal of the Day”的英语短文寄给英文报社。字数不少于80词。原因:1. 晚上学习太晚,不吃早饭可多睡一会儿; 2. 家长太忙无法照顾,给钱让孩子自己解决; 3. 一些女生为保持苗条身材不吃早饭。结果:1. 课堂上想睡觉; 2. 学习成绩下降。建议:1. 早餐能够提供全天所需能量的30%,而且有助于思维能力的提高,早餐不可少。 2. 青少年的健康应从早餐抓起。参考词汇:have
23、a.habit of 养成的习惯,slim 苗条的Top Meal of the DayA survey shows that 书面表达七(2013浙江台州)时下很多同学喜欢上QQ聊天,对于这种现象同学们有不同的观点。请你根据下面表格内容的提示,写一份报告交给英语老师Mr Dean,陈述同学们的观点及理由,并附上你的观点及理由。同学们的观点及理由赞成反对放松自己聊天内容无聊可方便与同学联系浪费时间交更多朋友甚至有同学用QQ发作业的答案 你的观点及理由注意:1. 短文必须包括表中所有信息,可适当发挥,但不要逐字翻译; 2. 开头已给出(不计入总词数),你只需接着写; 3. 词数80100个。参考
24、词汇:relax,make friends;与联系 keep in touch withToday,in our English class,we discussed whether it is necessary for middle school students to chat on line. 参考答案与解析书面表达一One possible version:Are We Ready for the Senior High School Entrance Examination?How times flies! The Senior High School Entrance Exami
25、nation is coming soon! Now quite a few teachers speak very quickly in class. There are too many exams. We hardly have any spare time to do after-school activities. Some students used to be lazy,but they have realized their mistakes now and have put all their effort into their study. Everyone wants t
26、o go beyond themselves.书面表达二Our Future Life in ChangzhouWhat will the life in Changzhou be like in the future? Most of my classmates think that the underground will be put in service in 2015. People wont need buses because they can go around the city easily and quickly by underground. As a
27、 result,there will be less noise pollution. More than half of the students believe that people will have robots at home in 2045. Robots will do everything for people,so they can spare more time to develop their interest. Less than half of the students support the opinion that people will eat a kind
28、of special food in form of pills in 2075. It will be unnecessary for people to spend much time on meals. About 30 students insist that people will never get ill in 2105 because scientists and doctors will find a new way to keep people healthy forever. Isnt it amazing to have such a kind of
29、 future life?书面表达三I had an experience of sharing. When my family moved,I had to go to a new school and study in a new class. The first test made me so nervous that I failed. I got worried and felt helpless until one of my new classmates came up to me and asked softly if I was OK. After I told him ab
30、out my problem,he gave me some advice. From then on,we got to know each other and shared our ideas,problems and happiness. We became good friends.Sharing with friends helped me bring back my confidence and fit in with others.书面表达四Dear Jack,I am sorry to hear that you quarreled with your parents abou
31、t playing mobile phone games.You spent so much time playing games that you forgot when to sleep and you felt too sleepy and tired to listen to the teachers in class the next day. Because of these,you became poor in your study. Your mother got angry with you. You felt bad about this.Firstly,I think you should stop playing games. You can use mobile phone to search for information,and look up new words. It is a usefu
