1、中考形容词和副词知识点 中考形容词和副词知识点中考对形容词考查涉及形容词原级、比较级和最高档各种句型，形容词作定语位置，易混淆形容词用法辨析等；对副词考查涉及常用副词用法、副词级别各种句型、易混淆副词用法辨析等。侧重考查考生在详细语言环境中运用形容词和副词能力。知识点一 形容词用法1多数形容词既能作定语，又能作表语。普通状况下，作名词定语形容词，位于名词之前。作表语形容词，位于系动词be，taste，smell，sound，look，become，get等之后。This is an old box.这是一只旧箱子。(定语)This box is old.这箱子是旧。(表语)Mum cooked
2、 delicious food. 妈妈煮了可口饭菜。(定语)2有形容词只能作定语，不能作表语。如little(小)，only(唯一)，elder(年长)，wooden(木制)等。()He is a little boy. ()The boy is little. 3有形容词，在句中只能作表语。此类形容词重要以a开头，如afraid(胆怯)，alive(活着)，awake(醒着)，alone(独自；单独)。()He is alone there. ()He is an alone man. ()She looks awake. ()She is an awake kid. 注意 除了上面词之外，
3、类似形容词尚有alike(相似)，asleep(睡着)，well(健康)，ill(生病)，sorry(伤心；后悔)，worth(值得)，sure(有把握；确信)，glad(高兴；高兴)，unable(不能)等。Cindy likes telling jokes. She never stops talking.She is _D_.AseriousBquietCshyDoutgoing4形容词可以作宾语补足语。 I found it hard to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很难。He wants to make the door open. 她想让门开着。知识点二
4、 形容词位置1普通状况下，作名词定语形容词，位于名词之前。He is a new comer. 她是一位新来者。 These are English books. 这些是英语书籍。2当各种形容词同步修饰一种名词时，普通应遵循如下顺序：限定词(冠词、批示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词)描述大小、长短、高低等形状年龄、新旧颜色国籍、地区、出处材料。a beautiful tall building一幢美丽而高大建筑物 an old stone bridge一座古老石桥a large green Chinese carpet一块绿色中华人民共和国式大地毯概括为7个字：限、描、形、龄、色、国
5、、材3当形容词修饰somewhere，anywhere，nowhere或复合不定代词something，anything，nothing，someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everything时，须置于被修饰复合不定代词之后。Id like to live somewhere quiet. 我想住在某个安静地方。Have you seen anybody strange here? 你在这里见到过陌生人吗？Where would you like to go on vacation?Id like to go _A_.Asomewhere relax
6、ingBrelaxed somewhere Csomewhere relaxed Drelaxing somewhere4表达长、宽、高、深或年龄形容词，位于名词之后。It is over six hundred kilometers long. 它有六百多公里长。 My mother is 45 years old.我妈妈45岁了。知识点三 副词分类和用法1副词分类时间副词today，tomorrow，yesterday，now，then，ago，before，soon，still，early，yet，already.地点副词here，there，home，abroad，over there
7、，upstairs，downstairs，somewhere，anywhere.方式副词carefully，slowly，quickly，fast，happily，badly，easily，loudly，luckily，successfully，widely.限度副词very，quite，rather，very much，too，so，enough.频度副词always，usually，often，sometimes，never.疑问副词where，how，when，why.2.副词构成(1)自身为副词，如now，rather，also，there，here，how，when，too，quit
8、e等。(2)少数词既是副词，也是形容词。这样词有early，late，high等，只是它们作副词与作形容词时在句中位置不同。He comes to school very early every morning. 她每天到校很早。(early为副词，修饰动词come)Mr Smith always catches the early bus to go to work every morning. 史密斯先生每天早上总是乘早班车上班。(early为形容词，作名词bus定语)(3)由“形容词ly”构成。quickquicklybeautifulbeautifullybadbadly exacte
9、xactlybravebravely happyhappilyquietquietly seriousseriouslytruetruly generalgenerally注意 少数以ly结尾词是形容词，而不是副词，如friendly(和谐)，deadly(致命)，lively(活泼)，manly(男子气概)等。3副词用法(1)修饰动词作状语。He walked quietly into his bedroom. 她悄悄地走进了她卧室。Sometimes it rains _B_ in Xian in summer.AheavyBheavilyCstrongDstrongly(2)修饰形容词作
10、状语。You have a very nice watch. 你有一块很美丽手表。(3)修饰另一副词作状语，位于另一副词前。You walked too slowly. 你走得太慢了。(4)作表语，位于系动词之后。How long will she be away？她要离开多久？(5)作宾语补足语，位于宾语之后。I saw him out. 我看到她出去了。(6)作定语，位于名词后。The people here are friendly. 这里人们很和谐。知识点四 副词和副词短语位置1大多数方式副词位于助词背面。如果是及物动词，普通放在宾语背面。She is jumping happily.
11、 她正高兴地跳着。The students are listening to the teacher carefully. 学生们正在认真地听教师授课。2时间、地点副词或副词短语普通位于句尾。若同步浮现，地点在前，时间在后。I practice playing the piano in Mr Greens home every day. 我每天都在格林先生家练习弹钢琴。 注意 时间副词或副词短语也可以位于句首。I will call you tomorrow. Tomorrow I will call you. 我明天会给你打电话。3频度副词普通多用在实义动词之前， be动词、情态动词、助动词
12、之后。He sometimes goes swimming in the river. 她有时去河里游泳。She is never late for class. 她上学从不迟到。注意 诸如once a week，three times a day这样频度副词短语普通位于句尾。I exercise once a week. 我一周锻炼一次。4限度副词very，quite，rather，much，too等须放在被修饰成分之前。It is very hot today. 今天很热。She sang quite well at the party. 她在约会上唱得相称好。The box is too
13、 heavy to carry. 这箱子太重了，搬不动。5enough修饰形容词或副词时，位于被修饰词之后。He is tall enough to join the basketball team. 她身高够加入篮球队。He didnt run fast enough，so he fell behind others. 她由于跑得不够快，因此落后于其她人。The boy is _C_ to take care of himself.Aenough old Benough youngCold enough Dyoung enough知识点五 比较级、最高档构成大多数形容词、副词均有原级、比较级
14、和最高档三种形式。比较级和最高档构成方式是值得注意：1规则变化(1)直接在词尾加er，est原级比较级最高档smallsmallersmallesthighhigherhighestfastfasterfastest(2)以不发音字母e结尾，在词尾加r，st原级比较级最高档nicenicernicestlargelargerlargestlatelaterlatest(3)以“辅音字母y”结尾，把y变i，再加er，est原级比较级最高档easyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest(4)以辅音字母结尾重读闭音节词，双写最后一种
15、辅音字母，再加er，est原级比较级最高档bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestthinthinnerthinnest(5)某些双音节和多音节词，在其前加more，most原级比较级最高档popularmore popularmost populardeliciousmore deliciousmost deliciousquicklymore quicklymost quickly知识点六 as.as句型若表达某人或某物在某一方面和此外一种人或物同样，可以使用as.as句型。1as形容词或副词原级as.“和同样”。This joke is as funny as t
16、hat one. 这个笑话和那个同样好笑。He runs as fast as you. 她跑得跟你同样快。Listening is just as _A _ as speaking in language learning.AimportantBmore importantCmost important Dthe most important2not as/so形容词或副词原级as.“不如”。She isnt as/so outgoing as Mary. 她性格不如玛丽外向。He doesnt do his homework as/so carefully as Kate. 她做作业不如凯
17、特认真。知识点七 常考具有比较级句型构造若表达某一种事物或人在某方面比另一种事物或人更如何，可以使用如下几种句型。1A.比较级thanB “A比B更”。The earth is bigger than the moon. 地球比月球更大。He works harder than us. 她比咱们工作更努力。Was Henry late for the concert yesterday?No. He got there even ten minutes _A _ than us two.AearlierBearliestClaterDlatest2Which/Who.比较级， A or B？“
18、A和B中谁更？”。Which is cheaper，the Tshirt or shirt?T恤和衬衣，哪个更便宜？Who runs faster，Tom or Jerry?汤姆和杰里，谁跑得更快？3A.the比较级of the two.“A是两者中更”。He is the taller of the two boys. 她是这两个男孩中较高那个。She sings the better of the two girls. 她是这两个女孩中唱得比较好那个。4比较级and比较级“越来越”。When spring comes，the days are getting longer and long
19、er. 当春天来暂时，白天变得越来越长了。Chongqing is becoming more and more beautiful. 重庆正变得越来越美丽。The boy listens to the teacher more and more carefully. 这个男孩听教师授课听得越来越认真了。5The比较级， the比较级“越，越”。The busier he is，the happier he feels. 她越忙，越觉得高兴。The more you have，the more you want. 你拥有越多，想要也就越多。The _ friends you have，the
20、_C _ you will be.Amore；happyBmany；happyCmore；happier Dmany；happier知识点八 可修饰比较级词或短语1当强调比较限度时，可以在形容词、副词比较级前使用much，a little，even，still，a lot等。It is much colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷得多。My pear is a little bigger than yours. 我梨比你大一点。Mary did even worse than Lucy. 玛丽做得甚至比露西更糟。We must make the life still b
21、etter. 咱们一定要使生活更加美好。She is a lot cleverer than I am. 她比我聪颖得多。2表达倍数词或度量名词可以作比较级修饰语。She is three years younger than him. 她比她小三岁。He works three times faster than us. 她干活比咱们快三倍。注意 very，quite惯用来修饰原级，而不能用来修饰比较级。修饰比较级可以用much，a lot等。她比我高诸多。()He is very taller than me. ()He is much taller than me. 她跳得比我远。()S
22、he jumped quite farther than me. ()She jumped a lot farther than me. July，its raining so heavily.Yes，but the radio says it will be even _A_ tomorrow.AworseBbadCworst知识点九 使用比较级时注意事项1注意比较对象保持先后一致。(1)上海比北京人口多。()The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. ()The population of Shanghai is l
23、arger than Beijing. (2)北京天气比上海好。()The weather in Beijing is nicer than that of Shanghai. ()The weather in Beijing is nicer than Shanghai. 2避免将主语包括在比较对象中。(1)她比咱们班上任何人都来得早。()He comes earlier than any student in our class. ()He comes earlier than any other student in our class. (2)中华人民共和国比非洲任何一种国家都大。()
24、China is bigger than any other country in Africa. ()China is bigger than any country in Africa. 注意 在同一范畴内进行比较时，比较双方不能发生重复现象，故在例(1)中使用other以避免重复。但在不同范畴内对人或同一性质事物进行比较时，则不用other，如例(2)中，由于中华人民共和国属于亚洲，而被比较者却是另一范畴国家，因而不用other。What is your favourite sport?Swimming，I think. Its _C_ of all.AeasierBmore diffi
25、cultCthe most interesting Dthe most boring知识点十 形容词、副词最高档用法形容词、副词最高档用于三者或三者以上人或事物之间比较，表达在一定范畴内“最”，其重要句型有：1A.the最高档in(of，among).“在某范畴之内A最”。Shanghai is the largest city in China. 上海是中华人民共和国最大都市。He is the tallest of the three boys(among the three boys). 她是这三个男孩中最高。She jumped(the)highest in the high jump
26、ing. 她跳高跳得最高。注意 of，among后跟范畴，表达范畴与主语是同类。in后多跟地点，与主语不同类。She is the cleverest of(among) the three girls. 她是这三个女孩子中最聪颖。She is the cleverest girl in the class. 她是班上最聪颖女孩。形容词最高档前如果没有形容词性物主代词，必要加定冠词the，但副词最高档前可以不用the。2A.one of the最高档复数名词“A是最之一”。Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers in Taiwan. 周杰伦是台湾
27、最受欢迎歌手之一。China is one of the largest countries in the world. 中华人民共和国是世界上最大国家之一。We have a lovely room. Its one of _D_ in the hotel.AniceBnicerCnicestDthe nicest3.the序数词最高档单数名词in范畴“在某范畴内是第几”。Changjiang River is the first longest river in our country. 长江是国内第一长河。Jimmy is the second tallest boy in our cl
28、ass. 杰米是咱们班上个子第二高男孩。4Which(Who).(the)最高档， A，B or C？“A、B和C，哪个/谁最？”。Which is the biggest，the sun，the earth or the moon?太阳、地球、月亮，哪一种最大？Who runs(the)fastest，Kate，Tom or Mike?谁跑得最快，凯特、汤姆还是迈克？5A.the最高档(that)I have ever seen/heard/read. “A是我所见过/听过/读过最”。此外，此类句型中that可以省略。You are the most beautiful girl(that)
29、I have ever seen. 你是我所见过最美丽女孩。Harry Potter is the most interesting book(that)I have ever read. 哈利波特是我所读过最有趣书。注意 除用ever之外，还可以用never。He works the hardest that I have never seen before. 我此前从来没有见过像她这样努力工作人。强化训练5 形容词和副词1(吉林)Have you ever read the book Harry Potter?Yes，and I think its very_.I want to read it again. Aboring Bexciting Cbored Dexcited2(陕西)This place is not big enough for Lucys birthday party.We should find a _C_ one. Abig Bsmall Cbigger Dsmaller3(广州)Do you like this movie?Yes，its the _ one Ive ever seen. Abetter Bbest Cgood
