1、外国人姓氏由来外国人姓氏由来在欧美的一些国家，祖先从事什么职业将决定他们以及后代的姓氏。如美国、英国人姓“史密斯”者，法国人姓“菲里叶”者，西班牙人“佩雷兹(Jefferson Perez)”和“赫尼洛”者，意大利人姓“菲拉洛”，荷兰人姓“斯密特” 和“赫尼洛”者，德国人姓“斯格密特托”，匈牙利人姓“科瓦奇”，俄罗斯人姓“库兹涅佐夫”，拉丁美洲人姓赫尼洛的，都是“同姓本家”铁匠。英、美人中姓“库克”、“米勒”、“柴契尔”者，他们的祖先大多是厨子、磨坊工和泥瓦匠。以地名作为姓氏，在欧美国家中也相当普遍。如福特 (小津)、伍德(林地)、布希(灌木丛)、克里夫(悬崖)等。美国著名小说家杰克伦敦，他的
2、祖先就是以“伦敦”这个城市作为姓氏的。有些姓是透过区别同名人的外表得来的。如姓“朗”的，意即“高个子”；姓“肖特”的，意指“矮子”；姓“布朗”者，则“棕色”之意。欧美许多国家，特别是冰岛，有的姓氏尾语常常带有一个“逊”字，如“约翰逊”、“罗宾逊”等。“逊”是“儿子”的意思，即约翰、罗宾的后代。另外，姓氏前的“麦克”、“奥”也都是“儿子”之意。如“麦克米伦”、“奥希金斯”，分别表明他们是米伦或希金斯的后裔。各国的三大姓中国张、王、李朝鲜金、朴、尹日本佐藤、铃木、高桥美国史密斯、詹斯、威廉斯英国史密斯、琼斯、威廉斯法国马丁、勒法夫瑞、贝纳德国萧兹、穆勒、施密特瑞典约翰森、安德森、卡尔森荷兰德夫力斯
3、、德扬、波尔西班牙迦西亚、弗朗德兹、冈查列兹俄罗斯伊凡诺夫、华西里耶夫、彼得洛夫英文名组成 现在大多数的英语国家的人士名字通常由三部分组成：(1)教名 given name/Christian name(教名)/first name(2)中间名 middle name(3)姓氏 surname/family name/last name Full name=(1)+(2)+(3), 全名=教名+自取名+姓，如William Jefferson Clinton(1)Christian name（教名）顾名思义是指那些信仰基督教的教徒们才适用的称呼。由于大多数英语国家人士系基督教徒Christia
4、n name 亦被视为given name 或 first name 的同等词。(2)middle name（中间名）通常是为纪念先辈或父母亲朋中受尊敬人士而用其名来命名的，一般说来中间名的纪念色彩较浓。(3)family name （姓氏）和中国差不多，继承父辈的，只是位置是在最后。英国人习惯上将教名和中间名全部缩写，如 M. H. Thatcher；美国人则习惯 于只缩写中间名，如 Ronald W. Reagan。但在很多场合中间名往往略去不写,如 George Bush，而且许多人更喜欢用昵称取代正式教名，如 Bill Clinton。昵称 编辑本段昵称包括爱称、略称和小名，是英语民族
5、亲朋好友间常来表示亲切的称呼，是在教名的基础上派生出来的。通常有如下情况： 1. 保留首音节。如 Donald = Don, Timothy = Tim. 如果本名以元音开头， 则可派生出以N打头的昵称，如：Edward = Ned. 2. +ie 或 -y 如：Don = Donnie, Tim = Timmy. 3. 采用尾音节，如：Anthony = Tony, Beuben = Ben. 4. 由一个教名派生出两个昵称，如：Andrew = Andy & Drew. 5. 不规则派生法，如：William 的一个昵称是 Bill. 取英文名原则 第一，改名不改姓。一般来说，为了与说英语
6、国家人交流我们要有个英文名字，但是姓氏关系到家族荣誉，将来还会关系到遗传基因。因此，无论自己的姓多么难读，都要坚持。常见有人起英文名时连姓也改了，如司徒健Ken Stone，肖 燕Yan Shaw。下列英文姓尚可接受，但也最好不用，如：Young杨，Lee李第二，名字的发音。名字是经常要要来叫的，一个不闹笑话的名字是最基本的要求。既不要让本国人笑话，也不要让外国人觉得拗口。如Linwood，让我们中国人容易取笑为“您无德” 再比如Roger这个名字，居然被人念作弱智，尽管本意是famous spearman（有名的使矛的人），最后还是改名。外国人常用的名字基本是发音符合名字要求的，所以没有把握
7、不要自己去创造有些人因为姓被人叫得多，便起个与姓谐音的英文名。但这样的英文名单独叫尚可，全称时就不太自然了，如：肖 珊Shawn Xiao，钟 奇Jone Zhong，周 迅Joe Zhou，安 芯Anne An。第三，名字的意思和来源。选名字前最好能对它有些了解。很多英文名来自圣经或者希腊、罗马神话，大家很常见的Mary和Samuel，都是出自前者，前一个是圣母，后一个是旧约里最著名的先知；已故的英国王妃Diana，她的名字来自希腊神话中太阳神的妹妹-月亮女神，她还身兼狩猎和多产女神之职。迪斯尼的美女与野兽的女主人公叫Belle，如果看的是英文版，就会注意到一个细节：当Belle手捧着书穿过
8、人群，有人唱到her name means beauty，Belle作为一个法语名字，正是美丽的意思。此外，由于文化差异，有些名字引申义不雅，如：Cat, Kitty, 在英语俚语中，它们指的是女性的阴部（Pussy）。Cat宜改为Cathy, Kitty宜改为Kate。第四，名字的词性。名字一般用名词，不用形容词。有些人不懂这一规律，用形容词起名，如Lucky，Sunny连名词都不是，更谈不上是英文名。还是那句话，尽量不要自己去创造哦（高手除外）。第五，名字的拼写。取个英文名字本来是为了方便交流，所以尽量找便于拼写的。有些名字可以有好几种拼写方法，例如一个叫Wende，最后一个字母是e不是y
9、，虽然念起来一样，不过拼写的时候总得一遍一遍提醒别人，还挺烦的。还有Dianna，多这一个n，就费很多口舌解释。第六，名字的名人效应。听到一个新名字，大家总是会联想到同样有这个名字的某个熟悉的人或明星，或者某本书里的人物。Sherlock会令侦探小说迷们想起伟大的福尔摩斯，但对另一些人，可能只会有莎士比亚威尼斯商人中心狠手辣的那个犹太商人。第七，名字的性别暗示。有些英文名即可用于女孩，也可用于男孩，比如Chris、Pat、Carol/Caroll、Leslie/Lesley，选用这些名字的时候要比较注意。象Chris，虽然可以是Christina或者Christine的爱称，但同时也是Chri
10、stopher或者Christian的爱称，性别暗示常为男性，女孩用未必最好。还有Samantha，它的爱称为Sam，和Samuel的爱称一样，选的时候也要注意。第八，名字的唯一性。取英文名的时候，虽然大家都希望能够与众不同，但一个公司里有一、两个Jessica，两、三个Michael（或Mike）也是常事。我在这几年中前后也遇到过五个David和四个Linda。字母少的名字的优点是好记，但很容易就会太多，容易搞混，所以取个长一点有特点的名字，并不吃亏。第九，名字的缩写和昵称。这也是个值得考虑的问题，很多时候大家喜欢叫英文名字的昵称，所以在选择英文名字的时候也要考虑名字的昵称自己是否会喜欢。对
11、于缩写,如：William Chen.被缩写为WC Origin of SurnamesSurname, also known as a last name or family name, is a fixed name shared in common with the members of a family and is passed down from generation to generation. The use of a surname is relatively new in history and was adopted in order to legally disting
12、uish two individuals with the same first name. At first, these last names were not passed down to the next generation. The Chinese were among the very first cultures to adopt the use of hereditary surnames about 5000 years ago. In Europe, surnames werent used until the 10th or 11th centuries AD in V
13、enice. Gradually throughout Europe, all nobility and gentry adopted surnames until eventually surnames were used by all Europeans of all classes. What does my last name mean? If you have ever wondered about the meaning of your last name, where your family lived, what they did, or how they looked, yo
14、u may find your surname may answer some of these questions about your ancestors from many hundreds of years ago. Surnames were generally derived from one of four sources: 1) Patronymic (from the first name of father). Examples: SuffixesPeters - son of Peter (English, German) Peterson - son of Peter
15、(Swedish) Petersen - son of Peter (Danish) Fitzpatrick - son of Patrick (Old English - sometimes incorrectly associated with being an illegitimate)Sanchez - son of Sancho (Spanish) PrefixesOReilly - grandson of Reilly (Ireland) McDonald /MacDonald - son of Donald (Scottish) dAngelo - son of Angelo (
16、Italian) 2) Lives near locality or place. Examples: KirkPatrick - Church (kirk) of St. Patrick Cliff - steep hill Fairholm - the fair island Ashley - field surrounded by ash trees 3) Occupation or social status. Examples: Cooper - barrel maker Wagner or Waggoner - wagon maker Knight - knighthood con
17、ferred by the king Smith - blacksmith Powers - poor or taken a vow of poverty 4) Nicknames describing person or personality. Examples: Reid - red, ruddy complexion or red hair Stout - Body size Small - Body size Armstrong - strong arms Sharpe - sharp, smart Surname spelling has evolved over centurie
18、s and until the 20th century, the spelling of a surname was not fixed. Before then, it was not unusual to see the same persons surname spelled in different ways from record to record. In the 1800s and before, when many people were illiterate, names were written by clerks, officials, and priests as t
19、hey heard the name pronounced. This lead to different spellings for the same name. Spelling continued to evolve until this century. So as you are looking for your surname history, it is important to check out spelling variations. Dont assume your surname was always spelled the way it is spelled toda
20、y. If you cant find your surname origin on this website, look for a sound-alike surname. You can check for alternate spellings of a surname at the soundex (sound-alike) machine. This free online Last Name Dictionary includes the etymology of British, Cornish British, French, German, Hispanic, Anglo-
21、Saxon, Dutch, Latin, Celtic, Gaelic, Italian, Chinese and Danish Names.Countries give us names such as French, Beamish (Bohemian), Britten, Fleming, Hannay (Hainault), Janeway (Genoese), Lubbock (Lubeck) and Moore (Morocco), among many others. And its interesting that Blackmore, Morys, Moris, Morris
22、, Morice, Morrice, Maurice, Moorish and Mountmorris are themselves all further forms of Moore.Nearly every county, town, riding, hundred, wapentake, village, hamlet and even single house, at any date, has given its name. Again, most are obvious, but there are some surprises - such as Bristowe (both
23、Bristol and Burstow in Surrey), and Vyse (Devizes or a dweller on the boundary). Thorpe means a village and there are numerous names derived from the word borough - examples are Boroughs, Bury, Burg, Burke, Bourke, Borrow and Burrowes.Features of the landscape gave rise to many surnames. There are v
24、ery many names derived from hill. In addition to Hill and Hills there are: Hull, Athill, Holt, Wold, Noll, Knollys, Knolles, Ness, Thill and Knill. Similarly we have Wood, Woods, Greenwood, Woodman, Woodruffe, Woodcutter and Attwood.Many names come from rivers and streams: Surtees (on the Tees), Pic
25、kersgill (a stream with a pike in it), Hope and Holm (raised land in a fen), Fleet (estuary or stream), Burn and Bourne (a stream) and Sike and Sykes (a marshy stream). Trees give names such as Leaf, Bark and Root, as well as Stock, Zouch and Curzon which all mean a stem. Then there are Elmes, Hazel
26、thwaite and Maples, and oak alone gives rise to Oakley, Oakerley, Noakes, Oakham, Ockham, and many others, with Cheynes and Chenies coming from the French for oak, un chne.A name ending in -man or -er can usually imply a trade, as in Chapman (shopkeeper), and obvious occupation names are Goldsmith,
27、Nailor, Potman, Belringer, Hornblower, Fiddler, Brewer, Piper, Baker and so forth. Among the less obvious are Latimer (interpreter), Leech (physician), Barker (tanner), Jenner (engineer), Milner (miller rather than milliner), Lorimer (bridle and bit maker), Pargiter, Pargetter and Dauber (plasterer)
28、, Bannister (bath keeper), and Crowther and Crowder (stringed instrument player).Similarly with names derived from military occupations, there are no names from firearms, only those derived from the weaponry and occupations around in these early centuries. Such names include Knight, Squire, Archer,
29、Bowman, Fletcher (arrow maker), Pike and the ubiquitous Smith.The arts gave us Painter, Fiddler, Harper, Piper and Player. And from the church we have Pope, Bishop, Monk and Abbott. However, these are most likely to have been nicknames rather than actual occupations, as with King. Or possibly they o
30、riginated from performers in the Mystery or other religious plays.男子英文名释义 AARON (希伯来)启发的意思，AARON被描绘为不高但英俊的男人，诚实刻苦具有责任感，是个有效率个性沉静的领导者。 ABEL (希伯来)呼吸的意思，为ABELARD的简写，大部份的人认为ABEL是高大，强壮的运动员，能干，独立，又聪明。有些人则认为ABEL是瘦小，温顺的男孩。 ABRAHAM 原为希伯来文，意为民族之父。后来，它演变成万物之父的意思。大多数人将ABRAHAM形容为高大壮硕留着胡子的领袖，诚实，庄严，聪明，像亚伯拉翰林肯总统一样。
31、 ADAM (希伯来)，红土制造的意思。据说上帝用红土造人，而亚当是祂造出的第一个人。 ADAM被形容是高大，黝黑，英俊，肌肉强健的男人，沉稳，聪明。 ADRIAN (拉丁文)黑色的意思。人们将ADRIAN描绘为迷人，阴柔的男子，敏感，体贴，可爱，富有。 ALVA 希伯来名，给人的感觉是很崇高、庄严的，圣经上写着ALVA 是一个地名和种族名字。 ALEX 为ALEXANDER的简写，人们认为ALEX是身强体健有着希腊血统的男子，聪明，和善，令人喜爱。 ALAN 据传，英国有一位诗人，叫Alawn(阿伦)，很近似于Alan，它的意思，但后来，这个名字常变形为Eilian、Allan、Ailin、
32、Alon等等。Alan的发音近似于撒格逊语Aylwyn或Alwyn(熟悉的朋友)的意思)。所以它在英国很为人所欢迎。 ALBERT (老式英语)崇高，聪明之意。ALBERT引人联想起三种形象；肥胖、笨重、缓慢，如Fat Albert；聪明，行为古怪，如Albert Einstein：或是正式， ALFRED(古英语)，睿智的参谋。ALFRED给人两种截然不同的印象：一种是超重的智者，所谓智者就是有智能的老人家，行事谨慎，另一种是文弱的书呆子。 ANDREW洛j希腊里有男子气概、雄壮、勇敢的男人。 ANDY 为ANDREW的简写，ANDY被人形容为高高的，金发的，童心未泯的普通男子，快乐，随和老实憨厚。 ANGUS (盖尔语)唯一的选择。ANGUS被视作行为怪异，惹麻烦的傻瓜。 ANTHONY (拉丁)无价的意思，人们认为ANTHONY
