1、高二英语必修二语法知识点归纳高二英语必修二语法知识点归纳【一】Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparentscompany.Confusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.Exhausted,Islidintothebedandfellfastasleep.过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完
2、成，vi过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。Heated,waterchangesintosteam.Theprofessorcamein,followedbyagroupofyoungpeople.1作原因状语，等于as/since/because引导从句Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldnthelpcrying.=(Aswearemovedbywhatshesaid2作时间状语，等于when引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/while/until等使时间意义更明确。Whenheated,watercanbechangedintostea
3、m.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.=(Whentheparkisseenfromthehill3作条件状语等于if/whether引导从句Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.=(Iftheyhavebeengivenmoreattention.Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo=(Ifwearecomparedwithyou4作方式或伴随状语Theactresscamein,followedbyherfans.Shesatbythe
4、window,lostinthought.5作让步状语Muchtired,hestillkeptonworking.=(Althoughhewastired,)he.6独立主格结构：当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Allthingsconsidered,yourarticleisofgreatvaluethanhers.RewritewithproperconjunctionsExample:Unitedwesta
5、nd,dividedwefall.Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfall.1Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,2Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,3Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.I
6、fweweregivenmoretime,4OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,5Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,6Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,现在分词与过去分词作
7、状语现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，;而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。Seeingthesepictures,IcouldnthelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijing.Seenfromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.(see)选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
8、Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用注意:1.系表示主语所处的状态_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)_inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostinbedressedinbeinterestedinbedevotedtobesupposedtobecaughtintherainbeseatedinbepreparedforbedeterminedto2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构generallyspeaking一般说来strict
9、ly/franklyspeaking严格地说/坦白地说judgingfrom从判断allthingsconsidered从整体来看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来例如：Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。(speaking不是dogs的动作)Practice1.CompleteeachsentencesusingtheP.P.oftherightverb.buildfrightentrapfo
10、llowshootseeexamine1_bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaredtosleepinherroom.2Theladyreturnedhome,_bytwopolicemen.3Afterhavingbeen_carefully,theroomwaslockedagain.4._in1949,theexhibitionhallisover50yearsold.5_fromadistance,theOperaHouselookslikeshipsails.6If_inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.7
11、Although_intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.【二】一、不定式做主语：1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。=动名词doing表示习惯的，经常的动作。e.g:Tofinishthebuildinginamonthisdifficult.Todosuchthingsisfoolish.Toseeistobelieve.(对等)注:1).不定式作主语时,谓语用单数2).当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：(1)Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.todo(2
12、)Itis+adj.+forsb.+todoItiseasy/difficult/hard/foolish/unwise/right/wrong/unnecessary(3)itis+a+名词+todo.Itisapity/apleasure/apleasantthing/onesduty/anhonor/ashame/acrime/noeasyjobtodoIttakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patiencetodoItrequirescourage/patience/hardworktodo*注意:probable和possible均可作表语，但possible可以用
13、不定式作真实主语，而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。Itisprobableforhimtocometothemeeting.(错）Itispossibleforhimtocometothemeeting.Itispossible/probablethathewillcometothemeeting.二、不定式做表语主语是以aimdutyhopeideaintentionplanjobsuggestionwishpurposetask等为中心词的名词词组或以what引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容,不定式作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。eg:Myideaistoclim
14、bthemountainfromthenorth.Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletter.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.三、动词不定式作宾语以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：ask,agree,care,choose,demand,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）想要学习早打算（wantlearnplan）快准备有希望（preparehopewishexpect）同意否供选择（agreeofferchoose）决定了已答应（decidebedeterminedpromise）尽力去着手做（manageundertake）别拒绝别假装（refusepretend）失败不是属于你（fail）Wehopetogettherebeforedark.Thegirldecidedtodoitherself.
