1、免费全国职称英语考试技巧培训教程全国职称英语考试技巧培训教程（八）补全短文补充口诀：衔接词若是the/this/that/these/those/such + 名词， 这种衔接（结构）的指代内容最好辨: the this/that/these/those/such + 名词若在上文中有指代， 冠词the后的名词空格前句中能找见（留意“隐形指代”）。衔接词若是人称代词，人称代词的单复数意义和指代特点要注意；人称代词若在上文中有指代， 空格前该代词会出现， 或空格前有数量意义一致的名词（名词短语）能找见；衔接词若是either/neither或both, 含有这三个词的选项若想成答案， 空格前句中
2、一定会陈述了两个件事或物；衔接词若是some/many/most(+ 名词)，先要看它们所在的句子，弄清它们代表的意义，（然后）空格前查看是否有与它们意义呼应的名词（名词短语）， 空格前呼应词语能找见， 它们通常是答案；选项中若出现了however, 含however选项常常是答案， 选项与空格前句形成对比意， 选项与空格前后句常能找见对比词；选项中若出现了also, 含also选项也常常是答案，选项与空格前句形成并列句；选项中若含有数字， 含数字选项常常是答案， 选项为重要的例子， 用于说明或论证（空格前的概括句或观点句）；例子常接连着出现，所以空格后有时也是含数字的句子；含专有名词句子常是
3、重要的例子， 含专有名词的选项可能是答案； 选项时态若是呈现出不同：有的用现在（时态），有的用过去（时态）， 则“相邻句子基调时态常一致（陈述过去和现在对比的句子要除外）”要牢记，靠它排除干扰（项）很给力；选项中若出现了人名，英语人名出现有特点： （短文中）第一次出现是全名， 不是全名都非第一次出现。选项中若没不是全名， 该选项若要成答案， 空格前句中一定有全名。实词之间的呼应也使语篇衔接和连贯， 选项中若有实词与空格前后句中词语相呼应(同一单词的反复出现， 近义词之间的呼应， 正反义词之间的呼应， 家族词汇之间的呼应， 概括词和被概括词之间的呼应)， 该选项可能是答案；补全短文主要考点：上下
4、文之间的特殊意义关系转折关系， 因果关系， 并列关系， 综述与分述， 观点与举例， 对比关系 （转折关系）however，but, yet and, also, too, as well, besides, in addition(因果关系)this is because.， therefore, thus, hence(观点与举例)for example, for instance,数字（对比关系）now/currently/ at present.in the past, agosome (people). others .some(people).most(people)课堂练习：第5部
5、分：补全短文（选自2008/A） Whats Lacking in Sicko?When it comes to economic decisions, there are always trade-offs（取舍）. Gain one thing and you lose something else. _（46） The central argument of Michael Moores movie “Sicko” - that the cure to the nations health care problems is a single - payer system - is har
6、dly novel and is certainly worth consideration, whether or not you agree with it. But in comparing the American system with single-payer plans of other countries - Britain, France, Canada and Cuba - Mr. Moore left out the trade-offs, characterizing those countries as health care paradises. _（47） Kur
7、t Loder, the film critic who is best known as the anchor（主持人）of “MTV News, ” wrote a critique（批评）of the film for MTVs website. “Sicko,” he said, “does a real service” in portraying（描绘）victims of American insurance companies - like the people who died because their only treatment options were conside
8、red “experimental” and therefore not covered. _（48） When “governments attempt to regulate the balance between a limited supply of health care and an unlimited demand for it, theyre inevitably forced to ration treatment.” Mr. Loder asserted. _（49）Mr. Loder cited the short film “Dead Meat,” which pres
9、ents anecdotes（轶事）of failure in the Canadian single-payer system. In its one-sidedness, “Dead Meat” might have made for a nice double feature with “Sicko.” and left moviegoers with a more complete understanding of the complications of deciding on a health care system. _（50） This all makes an otherwi
10、se “emotionally compelling film not necessarily an intellectually satisfying one, ” wrote Darren Barefoot, a Canadian blogger（博客作者）. A Mr. Moore also decided to ignore problems in other countries, like Frances high taxes and Britains cash-short hospitals. B But the film as a whole, he concluded, is
11、“breathtakingly meretricious（似是而非的）,”in large part because of its characterizations of other countries health care systems. C The problems have been noticedand criticism is coming not just from Mr. Moores detractors（诋毁者）. D He ticked off a number of negative statistics to counter the positive ones o
12、ffered by Mr. Moore. E Health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness. F This is particularly true in health care, a market in which scarce（稀罕的）goods are ridiculously expensive, but needed by everybody.参考答案： 46. F 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. A第5部分：补全短文（2009/B） Reduce PackagingPressure
13、 increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce packaging as part of an anti-waste campaign. _(46) Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging. Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping.Campaigners have called on Bri
14、tain to learn from other European countries. _(47) When returned bottles are put in a vending machine (自动售货机), the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this. There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. T
15、rade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. _(48) In response to a campaign by Britains The Independent newspaper, leading supermarkets have pointed to various initiatives to win the public confidence._ (49) But campaigners said retailers and the government could learn much from anti
16、-waste practices on the Continent. In Sweden, non-recyclable batteries have been taxed since 1991 to encourage a switch to alternatives. _(50) in Germany, plastic bags are unheard of in supermarkets and deposits are paid for reusable plastic and glass beverage bottles. A In Belgium, when you buy som
17、ething in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit. B This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are buying. C This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales. D Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year by switching to reusable plas
18、tic crates (装货箱) for transporting its fresh produce. E The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper. F If a product is over-packaged, dont buy it. 解析：E The campaign was initiated by The Independent newspaper. Pressure increased recently on British supermarkets and retailers to reduce pack
19、aging as part of an anti-waste campaign. _(46) Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging. A In Belgium, when you buy something in a plastic or glass container, you make a deposit. Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping.Campaigners
20、have called on Britain to learn from other European countries. _(47) When returned bottles are put in a vending machine (自动售货机), the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this. B This is because too much padding can give buyers a false impression of what they are bu
21、ying. There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. （观点）Trade standards officers also object to excessive packaging. _(48) C This has resulted in a 74 percent reduction in sales. D Tesco said it was saving 112,000 tons of cardboard a year b
22、y switching to reusable plastic crates (装货箱) for transporting its fresh produce. F If a product is over-packaged, dont buy it. 46. E 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. C第5部分：补全短文（2010/A） I Know Just How You FeelDo you feel sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, thi
23、nk again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, according to Mind Readingame, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel the first visual distionary of the human heart. Attempts to classify expressions began in the
24、 mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emtions into six types-anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. _(46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwins small group. More complex expressions of emotions were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now
25、it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. _(47) The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions. The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism (孤独症), who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. B
26、ut it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an emotion _(48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was e
27、ventually reduced to 412, fromafraid to wanting. Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. _(49) The explanation for this is simple: we may
28、 find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognise one when we see it on someones face. It was really clear when the actors had got it right, says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD. Although they were given some direstion, says Ms Collis, the actors were not told which
29、facial muscles they should move. _(50) For example, when someone feel contempt, you cant say for certain that their eyebrows always go down. Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face
30、 can make 43 distinct muscle movements called action units. These can be combined into more than 10, 000 visible facial shapes. Ekmen has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion. A. He said that this expression of feeling is universal and recognizable by anyone f
31、rom any culture . B. Any other method of showing the 412 emotions whould have been far less effective. C. Research has also been done to find out which area of brain read the emotional expressions. D. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it. E. They decided that i
32、t was a mental state that could be preceded by I feel he looks orshe sounds. F. We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules of this. 解析：D. These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it. Although they were given some direstion, says Ms Collis, the
