1、初二秋季阅读十四A教师版 自然 2014年初二秋季阅读（十四） （一）Nature 1.熟悉中考话题之自然科普类文章；2.掌握该话题下高频词汇；3.强化听力；4.掌握中考语法之状语从句。1.熟练掌握状语从句的连词，并能够熟练准确地使用在写作中。2.掌握中考状语从句语法重点考点之条件状语从句和时间状语从句， 理解其语法规律以及对主从句时态的 要求。 Listen to the article and think about this question: Do you know that giraffes have long tongue?How Can a Giraffe Clean Its E
2、ars?Draw a giraffe in your mind. How did you draw your giraffe? Does it have a long neck? Does it have long legs? Is it really tall? When people think of giraffes, they think of their long necks. A long neck and four long legs make the giraffe the tallest land animal on Earth. A giraffe is 1.8 meter
3、s tall when it is born, and some giraffes get up to 6m tall when they are all grown up. But did you know that giraffes also have long tongues? Have you seen the tongue of a giraffe before? A giraffe has a very long tongue which can hold and wrap around objects. The tongue is designed for feeding, bu
4、t the tongue can be used in many different ways. For example, a giraffe can close its nostrils with its long tongue completely to keep out sand and dust. Also, a giraffes tongue is long enough to clean its owners ears as well! The tongue is black in color to protect it from getting sun burnt. It is
5、nearly 56cm long. Giraffes only eat plants, and a full grown giraffe can eat 33kg of leaves a day. When giraffes look for some tall trees to eat, they sometimes fight with elephants for food. Giraffes use their tongue to eat leaves from some tall trees. The giraffes tongue is a helpful tool for reac
6、hing leaves and breaking off branches. pletelyadv.objectn.protectv.designv.branchn.短语：1. be grown up 2. be used to do 3. protect from 一、Paraphrase1. wrap refer to something 2.object arrange or fold as a cover or protection3. design totally pletely make or work out a plan for 5. protect a part of the
7、 tree 6. branch shield from danger or damage二、翻译下列句子1. 我们都长大了，可以自己做决定了。_2.我们要保护大熊猫免于灭绝。_3.我完全被这部电影感动。_Keys: 1. We are all grown up, and we can make our own decision. 2. We should protect pandas from dying out. 3. I was completely moved by this movie. 三、 英汉互译1. wrap _ 2. 设计 _3. protect _ 4. 完全地 _1. W
8、hat is the article mainly about?A. A giraffe has a long tail. B. A giraffe has a long tongue. C. A giraffe is the heaviest animal on Earth. 2. Which is NOT true in the story?A. Some giraffes are up to 6m tall when they are fully grown. A giraffe is the tallest land animal on Earth. The tongue is use
9、d only for feeding. 3. What does a giraffe mostly eat?A. Bananas. B. Sand. C. Tree leaves. 4. Which animal does a giraffe fight with for food?A. Hippo. B. Elephant. C. Rhinoceros. 5. The giraffes tongue is a helpful tool for reaching leaves and breaking off branches. What does “reach” mean?Assist. G
10、et toMean to Keys: BCCBB文中的几句话： 1. When people think of giraffes, they think of their long necks.2. A giraffe is 1.8 meters tall when it is born. 状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句可以表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。各类状语从句连接词(短语)一览表： 时间when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before条件if, unle
11、ss原因as, because, since地点where目的so that, in order that结果so that, sothat, suchthat让步though, although, even if, however方式as比较than, (not) asas,知识清单一：时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词主要有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as 等。1.连词when, while 和as 都可表示当时候,但用法有区别：(1)when, while 都有“当时候”
12、的意思。when 既可表示某一时间点，也可以表示某一段时间。在when 引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。例：I was just reading a book when she came into my room. (came为非延续性动词)When the sun rises, the farmers work in the fields.(2)while 只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一时间点。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。例：Whil
13、e Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.(错)While Lin Tao came to see him, Jim was mending his bike. (对)When Lin Tao came to see him, Jim was mending his bike. You cant do your homework while youre watching TV.(3)另外，when 和while 的区别还在于：while 引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。例：While the
14、y were talking, the bell rang.I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.(4)as 意为“一边一边”或“与同时”，重在表示动作同时发生、伴随进行。例：As he grew older, he became more intelligent.2.连词before, after, since, until(till). 当他们表示时间时，他们既是介词又是连词。例：beforeHe usually drinks a cup of tea before he goes t
15、o school.(连词)He usually drinks a cup of tea before going to school.(介词) afterHe usually drinks a cup of coffee after he comes back from school.(连词)He usually drinks a cup of coffee after coming back from school. (介词)sinceI have lived in Dalian since my son was born in 1999.(连词)通常情况下，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去
16、时。I have lived in Dalian since 1999.(介词)until / tillI will wait here until(till) you finish your job.(连词)I will wait here until(till) 8pm.(介词)3.重点：as soon as ,when ,until 引导的时间状语从句，主从句的时态需要遵循主将从现的原则。清单二：地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由连接词where, wherever引导。例： Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。清单三：
17、方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由连接词as, (just) asso, as if, as though 引导。1.as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时as 从句带有比喻的含义，意思是 “正如”， “就像”，多用于正式文体。例：As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。2.as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。译为“仿佛似的”，“好像似
18、的”。例：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.清单四：原因状语从句连接原因状语从句的连接词有because, since, as 和for例：I didnt go, because I was afraid.注：当连接原因状语从句时，because 语气最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why 提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as, for和since。because, as, since引导的从句可在主句前面或后面，for引导的从句不能放在句首。清单五：目的状语从句表
19、示目的状语的从句可以由连接词that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case 等词引导。例：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.注：通常情况下，so that 等于in order that.清单六：结果状语从句结果状语从句常由so that 或suchthat 引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和such 与其后的词的搭配规律。sothat 与suchthat 之间的转换既为so 与such 之间的转换。例：The bo
20、y is so young that he cant go to school.=He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.清单七：条件状语从句连接条件状语从句的连接词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that等。1.如果主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，条件从句的谓语要用一般现在时表示将来时。(主将从现)例：Ill wait for you if you come tomorrow.清单八：让步状语从句连接状语从句的连接词有though, although，even if, even tho
21、ugh, 疑问词+ever, no matter+疑问词等。注意：当有though, although 时，后面的从句不能有but，但是though和yet可连用。一、单项选择1.You will be late_ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. if D. or 2. _she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless3. - Tommy, do you know if Frank _ to the zoo this Sunday
22、 if it _? -Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go; is fine B. goes; is fine C. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine 4. If I find his phone number, I _ you. A. tell B. told C. will tell D. have told5. I bet Mrs. Black will come to help us with the celebration if she _ too busy tomorrow. A. i
23、s B. will be C. wont be D. isnt6. -Its raining, Daisy. Please_ an umbrella with you. -Thanks. Ill return it to you when I_ next week. A. take, come B. take, will come C. bring, come D. bring, will come7. You cant leave school now _ you finished homework.A, before B unless C though D as8. _ _ the for
24、est park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.AAs BWhen CEven though DIn case9. _ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.A. Unless B. Although C. Before D. Once10. Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests.A. unless B. if C. even
25、though D. so thatKeys: A C A C D; A B C D B 二、完成句子1. 我住的地方树很多。_2. 有志者事竟成。_3. 他跑的如此地快，以至于我们都跟不上他。_4. 如果明天我不忙，我就和你一起踢足球。_5. 除非你努力，否则你是不会通过考试的。_Keys:1. There are many trees when I live. 2. Where there is a will, there is a way. 3. He runs so fast that we cant catch up with him. 4. If I am not busy tomo
26、rrow, I will play football with you. 5. Unless you try hard, you will not pass the exam. 三、选词填空see, looked for, hunt , dog ,kill , wolf ,die, tear , remind , back , hunt , his, rememberMore than seven hundred years ago, the Prince of Wales had a very big and brave dog called Gelert. One day the Prin
27、ce wanted to go _1_ with his men. He told his _2_ to stay at home and look after his baby son. The baby was in a wooden cradle (摇篮), which was like a small bed. When the Prince came back from hunting, Gelert ran out to meet his master. He wagged his tail and jumped up to put his paws （前爪）on the Prin
28、ces chest. Then the Prince saw the blood on Gelerts jaws and head. What have you done? the Prince said. He rushed into his house and _3_his baby son. The cradle was lying on its side on the floor. The clothes were torn and there was blood on them. So you have killed my son? the Prince said angrily. You unfaithful dog! He took out his sword（剑） and_4_ the dog. Just as Gelert was _5_, he managed to bark. Then the Prince heard a baby call to the dog. The Prince ran out of the house and saw his son lying on the ground unhurt. Near him was a dead _6_. Then the Prince knew t
