1、初中英语短文背诵知识讲解Chapter 1 DogsPeople often say that a dog is mans best friend. Over thousands of years, man has taught his dogs to do many kinds of work besides guarding the home. For example, sheepdogs are famous for their ability to control a flock of hundreds of sheep. Dogs have been used to aid disa
2、bled people for centuries. A guide dog can lead its blind owner. Nowadays, dogs can be taught to turn on light switches, open refrigerator doors and dial the telephone for their disabled owners. For the majority of people, however, dogs are simply pets and friends for both young and old members of t
3、he family.guard 看守，看护 sheepdog 牧羊犬 flock 群 aid 帮助 disabled 残疾人 century 世纪 guide dog 导盲犬 dial 拨 majority 大多数狗人们总是说狗是人类最好的朋友。几千年来，除了看家外，人类还教会了狗去做许多其他的事，例如，牧羊犬就因其可以控制数百只羊的羊群而出名。 狗用来帮助残疾人已有好几个世纪了。导盲犬可以为盲主人引路。现在，人们还教狗为残疾主人打开电灯、开冰箱和拨电话。然而，对于大多数人来说，狗只是家里老人和孩子们的宠物和朋友。Chapter 2 What is Time? （Nursery Rhyme）T
4、ime is grain for peasants. Time is wealth for workers. Time is life for doctors. Time is victory for soldiers. Time is knowledge for students. Time is speed for scientists. Time is money for businessmen. Time is everything for all of us. Therefore, seize the time of today!grain 粮食 wealth 财富 victory
5、胜利 seize 抓住，把握时间是什么（童谣一首）对农民来说，时间就是粮食。对工人来说，时间就是财富。对医生来说，时间就是生命。 对士兵来说，时间就是胜利。对学生来说，时间就是知识。对科学家来说，时间就是速度。 对企业家来说，时间就是金钱。对我们大家来说，时间就是一切。因此，把握今天!Chapter 3 A BarbecueWhen I was a child, I once went camping with my family in the summer. We decided to make a barbecue in the valley. So we collected some t
6、ree sticks to make a fire. My father asked me if I could try to make a fire. I was glad to take the job. Then I tried to set fire to the wood with a match, but produced only smoke. Then my father said, Thats not the right way. Ill show you how to do it. First use the small pieces of wood because the
7、y catch fire easily. Then put the larger ones on top of them. My father helped me make a big fire. barbecue 烧烤 valley 山谷 stick 枝条 make a fire 生火 烧烤当我还是小孩子的时候，一年夏天我们全家去野营。我们决定在山谷中烧烤，所以我们捡来了一些树枝生火。父亲问我愿不愿意尝试着生火，我很高兴地承担了这项任务。我试着用火柴把木头点燃，但结果都是烟。父亲说：“这样做不对。我来教你如何生火。先用小片的木头，因为它们容易点燃，然后把大些的放在它们上面。”父亲帮我点起了旺
8、旺的火。Chapter 4 Animals in DangerSome of the animals and birds in the rainforest, such as monkeys and woodpeckers, live in the treetops. They are always swinging and flying from one tree to another looking for food among the leaves and branches. They even sleep in the treetops so they do not have to c
9、ome down to the ground. Have you heard that such animals and birds in the rainforests are in danger? Because people are cutting down so many trees in the forests, the animals are losing their homes. Do you know the reasons for it? Yes, people want wood, paper and land. As a result many animals and p
10、lants are dying. Some forests are so badly damaged that they become deserts. rainforest 雨林 woodpecker 啄木鸟 treetop 树顶 swing 摇荡 leaves 树叶（leaf的复数形式） branch 树枝 desert 沙漠濒 危 动 物一些雨林中的动物和鸟类生活在树顶上，例如猴子和啄木鸟。它们总是从一棵树荡到或飞到另一棵树上，在树叶和树枝间寻找食物。它们甚至在树顶睡觉，所以它们不用到地面上来。 你知道吗，雨林中的这些动物正处于危险中。因为人们砍伐了森林中的许多树，动物们失去了家园。你知
11、道人们砍树的原因吗？是的，人们需要木材、纸和土地。所以，许多动物和植物正在消亡。一些森林遭到了严重的破坏，变成了沙漠。Chapter 5 English in the WorldSome people say that the English language no longer belongs to the English, and it belongs to the world. It is estimated that the number of people who use English exceeds 750 million. Among these, about 350 mill
12、ion are native speakers, while the rest use it as an official language. If we add to this number the people who have acquired the language to some extent, the total is close to one billion. English plays an increasingly important role in the world as a medium for conducting international business an
13、d diplomacy, as well as in science and medicine, the Internet, air and sea communications, international sports events, radio and TV programs, pop songs and movies. estimate 估计 exceed 超过 native 本族的，本国的 official 官方的 acquire 掌握 to some extent 达到某种程度 billion 千万 increasingly 越来越多地 medium 工具，手段 conduct 实
14、行，执行 international 国际的 diplomacy 外交 medicine 医药 communication 通信 event 事件世界上的英语有人说英语已不再属于英国人了，它属于全世界。据估计，使用英语的人超过七亿五千万，其中大约有三亿五千万是以英语为母语的人，而其余的人将英语作为官方语言使用。如果我们再加上已经掌握英语到一定程度的人，这个总数将接近十亿。 英语，作为进行国际业务和外交的工具，在世界上起着越来越重要的作用。它还在科学、医药、互联网、空中及海洋通信、国际体育赛事、电台电视节目、流行歌曲及电影中发挥着越来越重要的作用。Chapter 6 A FriendWhen y
15、ou read an English book, you often come across new words. You might try to guess what the words mean from the words you know, but when you cannot guess the meanings of new words at all, what should you do? You have a good friend then. From him you can learn what a word means, how to pronounce a word
16、, how to use a word, and so on. This friend can always be with you, and you can always ask him to help you. Do you know who this friend is? It is a dictionary. You can learn some important things about words from it, so you must know how to use it. come across 碰到 guess 猜测 朋 友当你读英语书时，你经常会碰到新单词。你可能试着从
17、你知道的词中猜这些词的意思，但是当你无法猜出这些词的意思时，你该怎么办呢？ 这时你有一个好朋友。从他那里你可以学到单词的意思、发音及用法等。这个朋友可以经常伴你左右，你可以经常请他帮忙。你知道这个朋友是谁吗？ 他就是字典。你可以从他那里学习有关词汇的众多重要知识，所以你必须学会如何使用字典。Chapter 7 Helping ParentsParents often get angry because of their trouble in their lives. Lets say that your mother is not happy about her boss. If she do
18、esnt have other ways of expressing her emotions, she might come home and yell at you, scream at your dad, kick at the dog, or even say something mean to you. Heres how to handle it when an adult in your life has trouble controlling his or her anger: Dont make it worse. Angry people can have trouble
19、thinking clearly, so try not to do or say anything to make things worse. Wait till your parent cools off, then talk to him or her in a calm tone, and try to explain how the anger is affecting you. yell 大叫，呼喊 scream 尖声喊叫 handle 处理 adult 成年人 cool off 平静下来 tone 语气 affect 影响 帮 助 父 母父母常常因为他们生活中的烦恼而生气。我们举
20、个例子，比如你妈妈对她的上司不满。假如她没有其他方法发泄她的情绪，她就可能回到家冲你大声嚷嚷，对你爸爸大喊大叫，踢家里的狗，或者甚至对你说一些难听的话。 当你身边的大人控制不住他们的怒火时，你应付的方法是：别让情况变得更糟糕。生气的人很难保持思维清晰，所以不要做，也不要说任何会使事情变得更糟的事或话。先等你的父母平静下来，然后再心平气和地和他们谈，并想办法说明他们的怒火是如何影响你的。Chapter 8 Humour What Is a Teenager?A teenager is someone who can hear his favourite singer three blocks a
21、way but not his mother calling from the next room. A teenager is a whiz who can operate the latest computer without a lesson but cant make a bed. A teenager is a connoisseur of two kinds of fine music loud and very loud. A teenager is an enthusiast who has the energy to bike for miles but is usually
22、 too tired to dry the dishes. A teenager is a romantic who never falls in love more than once a week. A teenager is a boy who can sleep till noon on any Saturday and suspects the room needs cleaning. A teenager is an original thinker who is positive that his mother was never a teenager. block 街区 whi
23、z 天才,能手 operate 操作 connoisseur 内行,鉴赏家 enthusiast 热心的人,热情的人 energy 精力 romantic 浪漫主义者 suspect 怀疑 original 新颖的，独创的 positive 肯定的 幽默少年是什么样的人？少年是 一个隔着三个街区也能听到他最喜欢的歌手的声音,但却听不到隔壁房间母亲叫声的人。 一个不用上一节课就可以操作最新电脑的能手，但却不会铺床。 两种音乐的鉴赏家吵闹的和非常吵闹的音乐。 一个充满热情，精力充沛的人，他可以骑车骑几英里，但却经常因为觉得太累而擦不干碟子。 一个浪漫主义者，他不经常恋爱，一周绝对少于一次。 一个每
24、星期六都要睡到中午，却总是怀疑房间需要打扫的人。 是一个有独创精神的思想家，他断定他的母亲不是从少年时期走过来的。Chapter 9 A Robot BabysitterIn 2005 Japan made a new robot. It can take care of a child. The new robot is called iPapero. It weighs 13.2 pounds, and has a body of 15.2 by 10.3 and by 9.8 inches. IPapero is a small robot, but it has many specia
25、l skills. It can recognize and remember up to ten faces and use its eight separate electronic ears to understand human voices even in noisy situations. It also plays games with children when they are unhappy, or sing songs or ask quizzes to entertain the child. If the child is bored, iPapero will ch
26、ange new songs and quizzes so that it doesnt repeat itself. The robot babysitter even has a cell phone to call a parent when the child asks for his mother.babysitter 保姆 separate 分开的 electronic 电子的 situation 情形，境遇entertain 使快乐 quizzes 猜谜，问答比赛（quiz的复数） 看小孩的机器人2005年，日本制造了一个新的机器人。它会照看小孩。这个新机器人叫做iPapero。
27、它13.2磅重，身体是15.210.39.8英寸。iPapero是个小机器人，但它有很多特殊的技能。它能识别和记忆多达十张脸，即使是在吵闹的情况下，它也能用它八只分开的电子耳朵听懂人的声音。当孩子们不高兴时，它还和他们玩游戏、唱歌或猜谜语让他们开心。如果孩子感到无聊了，他会换新的歌和谜语，这样就不会重复。这个照看小孩的机器人甚至还装有移动电话，当孩子找妈妈时，可以用它打电话给父母。Chapter 10 Buying Books on the InternetIts easy to order books from the Internet. There are several companie
28、s that ship books to customers in China. Just decide which company you would like to use and type that companys name into the search engine. The companys homepage will appear within a few seconds. Next you can type the name of the author or the title of the book you want to buy in the space provided
29、 on the page. If you decide to buy one of the books you will need to give further information such as your address and your credit card number. You will also need to decide how you want to have the book shipped. Finally, all you have to do is wait for the book to arrive in your mailbox. Internet 互联网
30、 company 公司 ship 运送 search engine 搜索引擎 author 作者 title 标题 space 空白处 provide 提供 further information 进一步的信息 credit card 信用卡 网 上 购 书从网上订书是非常方便的。在中国有许多公司可以把书寄到顾客的手里。你要做的只是决定你想使用哪家公司，然后把公司名输入搜索引擎。几秒钟后公司的主页就出现了。接下去你可以在网页提供的地方输入你想买的书的作者名或书名。如果你决定购买其中一本书，你需要进一步提供信息，例如你的住址和信用卡号码。你还需要决定书的邮寄方式。最后，你所需做的就是等待书送到你
31、邮箱里来。Chapter 11 The Dog and His ShadowIt happened that a dog had some meat that he wanted to eat at home. On his way home he met a river. As he looked down, he saw his shadow in the water. Just look! said he to himself. That dog down there has some meat, too. If I could get it away from him, I would
32、 really eat well tonight!With this thought, he made a snap at the other dogs meat. And as he did, his own meat fell into the water. So then he had nothing at all. Then he saw that the other dog had lost his meat, too. That is as it should be!? He thought. For I saw him trying to take my meat away from me. By wanting to have everything, he has lost everything he had! shadow 影子 snap at 抓，咬狗和他的影子碰巧狗有一些肉，他想回到家后再吃。回家的路上，他遇到了一条河。当他往河里
