1、考研英语一真题原文及答案解析2012年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANS
2、WER SHEET 1. (10 points) The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the courts reputat
3、ion for being independent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the courts decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very leas
4、t, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary. This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics.
5、 They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices r
6、ooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust. The justices must _18_ doubts about the courts legitimacy by maki
7、ng themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law. 1. Aemphasize Bmaintain Cmodify D recognize 2. Awhen Blest Cbefore D unless 3. Arestored Bweakened Cestablished D eliminated 4. Achallenged Bcompromised C
8、suspected D accepted 5. Aadvanced Bcaught Cbound Dfounded 6. Aresistant Bsubject Cimmune Dprone 7. Aresorts Bsticks Cloads Dapplies 8. Aevade Braise Cdeny Dsettle 9. Aline Bbarrier Csimilarity Dconflict 10. Aby Bas Cthough Dtowards 11. Aso Bsince Cprovided Dthough 12. Aserve Bsatisfy Cupset Dreplace
9、 13. Aconfirm Bexpress Ccultivate Doffer 14. Aguarded Bfollowed Cstudied Dtied 15. Aconcepts Btheories Cdivisions Dconceptions 16. Aexcludes Bquestions Cshapes Dcontrols 17. Adismissed Breleased Cranked Ddistorted 18. Asuppress Bexploit Caddress Dignore 19. Aaccessible Bamiable Cagreeable Daccountab
10、le 20. Aby all mesns Batall costs Cin a word Das a result Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 Come on -Everybodys doing it. That whisp
11、ered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she ca
12、lls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoki
13、ng program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of ma
14、ny pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please dont smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire
15、nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant de
16、tail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesnt work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife
17、 program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle
18、 form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. Its like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by
19、 pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And thats the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends. 21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as A a suppleme
20、nt to the social cure B a stimulus to group dynamics C an obstacle to school progress D a cause of undesirable behaviors 22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should A recruit professional advertisers B learn from advertisers experience C stay away from commercial advertisers D recognize the lim
21、itations of advertisements 23. In the authors view, Rosenbergs book fails to A adequately probe social and biological factors B effectively evade the flaws of the social cure C illustrate the functions of state funding Dproduce a long-lasting social effect 24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of
22、behaviors A is harmful to our networks of friends B will mislead behavioral studies C occurs without our realizing it D can produce negative health habits 25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is A harmful B desirable C profound D questionable Section II Read
23、ing Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 Come on -Everybodys doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think
24、of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power o
25、f group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncoo
26、l. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure
27、 for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please dont smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-h
28、ealth advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that
29、 make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesnt work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. Theres no doubt t
30、hat our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see ever
31、y day. Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. Its like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really wor
32、ks. And thats the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends. 21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as A a supplement to the social cure B a stimulus to group dynamics C an obstacle to school progre
