1、考研英语阅读text35. Text 32000Crude oil 原油OPEC：abbr.石油输出国家组织(=Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)barreln.桶；枪管；一桶的量；炮管；大量；笔管；汽油桶vi.快速移动vt.把 . 装桶barrel作“桶”解时指中间鼓起的圆桶、琵琶桶,用作比喻指“枪炮管”。还可表示“一桶之量”。The beer comes out of the barrel under pressure.啤酒受到压力从桶中流出。常见短语，搭配over a barrel非正处于不利地位 in a position of
2、 serious disadvantageHe had me over a barrel because he knew my carefully-guarded secrets. 我受制于他，因为他掌握了我严守的秘密。Theyre charging an exorbitant price for fixing the car, but theyve got us over a barrel because we cant do without it. 他们修理这部汽车索价太高,但我们被逼得只好听其摆布,因为我们不能没有汽车。用作名词 (n.)名词+beer barrel 啤酒桶rifle b
3、arrel 来复枪管+介词a barrel of beer 一桶啤酒tripleadj.有三部分的；三倍的v.（使）成三倍n.三个一组；三倍之数；（垒）三垒打用作形容词 (adj.)用作定语+ n.The subject has triple aspects. 这个项目有三个部分。Black unemployment rate is triple the figure for white. 黑人的失业率是白人的三倍。The amount of alcohol in his blood was triple the legal maximum. 他血液中的酒精含量为法定最高限量的三倍。用作动词
4、(v.)用作不及物动词S+(+A)The firm expects the number of vacancies to double or triple next year. 这家公司预计明年可录用名额增至两到三倍。用作及物动词S+ +n./pron.We have tripled our output over the past two years. 在过去的两年中我们的产量已经增加了两倍。词汇搭配用作形容词 (adj.)+名词triple alliance 三国同盟triple partnership 三方合伙quadrupleadj.四倍的；四部分的；音四节拍的n.四倍v.成四倍例句用
5、作名词 (n.)Crowding in England is almost double that of Germany and quadruple the population density in France.英国人口密度大约是德国人口密度的两倍，是法国人口密度的四倍。Inflationn.通货膨胀；膨胀The new governments prime task is to reduce the level of inflation.新政府的主要任务是减低通货膨胀的水平。Farmers suffered from the price inflation.价格膨胀让农民受害。词汇搭配ga
6、lloping inflation恶性通货膨胀.inflation-proof予 . 以保障.runaway inflation无法控制的通货膨胀.cost inflation成本膨胀demand inflation需求膨胀inflation uncertainty通货膨胀的不确定性.inflation pressure充气压力monetary inflation通货膨胀open inflation无管制的通货膨胀.chronic inflation长期通货膨胀.gloom and doom对未来的失望情绪So where are the headlines warning of gloom
7、and doom this time?那么这次警告人们厄运来临的头版新闻都到哪里去了呢?To dramatize the gloom and doom of the second budget, city officials printed it on purple paper and used black poster boards in the public presentation.为了强调第二个预算之令人极端忧郁与绝望，市府官员在向各界解说时，把它印在紫色纸上，并使用黑色展示板。Suspendv.暂停；悬浮；中止；勒令停职suspend的基本意思是“悬挂或吊起某物”,指来自上方的支撑,
8、能够自由运动。也可表示飘漂浮在流体中(空气/水)中。引申可表示因个人愿望或法律约束而“暂不实行”“使暂停”“勒令某人暂时停职、停止履行职责”等。suspend是及物动词,接名词、代词作宾语。可用于被动结构。常用短语suspend from (v.+prep.)在高处吊着,挂着 hang sth upThese monkeys can suspend themselves from the branches by their tails.这些猴子用尾巴倒挂在枝头上。He suspended a rope from a tree. 他在树上悬挂了一根绳子。 用于be ed结构Paper lamps
9、 for the party were suspended from the roof on strings. 聚会用的纸灯用绳子挂在天花板上。勒令暂时停职,暂时取消 prevent sb officially from holding his usual position, carrying out his usual duties, etc. for a timeThe only way to deal with that boy is to suspend him from school for a week.对付这个男孩最好的办法就是让他停学一周。Two tax officials w
10、ere suspended from their posts pending investigations into charge of corruption. 两个税务员被指控贪污受贿,在调查期间他们被停职了。Our best player has been suspended from the team for breaking too many rules. 我们最好的球员因犯规过多而被罚出场。The people involved in the incident have been suspended from their duties. 凡与此事有牵连的人都被暂时停职了。词汇搭配用作
11、动词 (v.)+名词suspend diplomatic relations中止外交关系suspend judgement缓期宣判suspend a license暂时吊销执照suspend negotiations中止谈判suspend payment暂停付款suspend train service暂停铁路运输+副词suspend long停了很长时间suspend entirely完全中断suspend indefinitely无限期地取消suspend temporarily暂时停止+介词suspend from悬挂在上,暂令停职停学suspend a lamp from the ce
12、iling把灯悬吊在天花板上suspend sb from duty勒令某人停职suspend sb from post暂令某人停职suspend sb from school暂令某人停学suspend on因而停止中断gripn.紧握；手提包；了解；手柄vt.吸引；紧抓grip的基本意思是用最大的力量“紧紧抓住”某一事物不放,引申可表示“吸引”某人的注意力或“引起”某人的兴趣等。grip既可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。grip的过去式和过去分词均为gripped。用作名词 (n.)The child would not let go
13、his grip on Tom.这孩子紧紧地抓住汤姆不放。He kept a firm grip on his children.他对小孩管得很严。用作及物动词 (vt.)The audience were gripped by the play.这群观众被这部戏剧吸引住了。The frightened child gripped his mothers arm.这个受惊的孩子紧紧地抓着妈妈的胳膊。常见短语comeget to grips with对付,处理deal withHe talked a lot, but never really got to grips with the subj
14、ect. 他说了很多,但是没有真正谈到正题。词汇搭配用作名词 (n.)动词+gettake a grip on紧紧抓住have a grip on对有吸引(力),掌握keep a grip on抑制let go ones grip of sth松开所握之物lose ones grip失去自制relaxrelease grip松手tighten grip紧握形容词+firmstrong, tight grip紧握loose grip无力的握住weak grip轻轻的抓住,无力的握住介词+in a grip of death拼命地in the grip of受控制shake hands with
15、a hearty grip热情地握手come within the grip of the law落入法网用作动词 (v.)+名词grip sbs attention吸引某人的注意力grip hands紧紧握手grip the railing抓紧栏杆+副词grip hard握得紧grip well抓得很稳grip frantically激动地握住grip momentarily瞬间抓紧grip nervously紧张地握紧grip vigorously使劲抓住+介词grip between夹在之间grip the rifle between sbs knees把长枪夹在某人的双膝之间grip
16、sth in fear因害怕而抓住account for vt.(在数量方面)占；说明(原因等)； 对 . 负责；导致，引起；击毙，杀死；报账Petrochemicals today account for one fourth of all the chemicals made, in ten years this amount is expected to double.石油化工产品现在已占所有化学制品的四分之一，十年后预计这个数目还要加倍。Students account for 50% of our customers.在我们的顾客中,学生占了一半。muten.哑子；弱音器；默音字母a
17、dj.哑的；沉默的；无声的vt.减音；减弱vi.(鸟)排泄常见句型用作形容词 (adj.)用作定语+ n.She gave me her hand with mute thanks. 她向我伸手表示无言的谢意。She is in mute astonishment. 她惊讶得一时说不出话来。The word “debt” contains a mute letter. 在debt这个词中有一个不发音的字母。用作表语S+be+The boy is mute and deaf. 这男孩既聋又哑。A donkey is not mute but it is dumb. 驴子不是不出声而是不会说话。T
18、he class remained mute when the teacher asked a difficult question. 老师问到难题时,全班都沉默无言。S+be+ prep .-phraseHe is mute on the subject of social system. 他对社会制度的问题保持沉默。用作宾语补足语S+V+O+He kept himself mute at the meeting. 他在会上保持沉默。词汇搭配用作形容词 (adj.)+名词mute letter 不发音的字母 mute thanks 无言的谢意+介词mute from birth 生来就哑的
19、mute on 对缄默近义词辨析mute, dumb, speechlessdumb一般指根本没有说话能力,常指动物; mute 强调为某种原因而沉默; speechless 指哑口无言的。Pumpn.泵；抽水机；打气筒；抽水；打气v.打气；唧筒般运动；灌输；抽取；增加；盘问用作名词 (n.)The heart has acted as a strong pump.心脏充当了一部强有力的泵。At the farm there was an old-fashioned pump for drawing water from a well.那个农场有一台老式的用来从井里抽水的抽水机。用作动词 (v
20、.)Pump the tire up hard before going out on the road.在出去上路之前, 要把轮胎打足气。His heart was pumping fast.他的心脏跳动得很快。Its hard work to pump facts into unwilling students.向不自觉的学生灌输知识并非易事。词汇搭配用作名词 (n.)动词+operate a pump操作泵primework a pump启动水泵形容词+centrifugalhydraulic pump离心水压泵名词+air pump气筒bicycle pump脚踏车打气筒breast
21、pump吸奶器gasoline pump抽油机stomach pump洗胃器用作动词 (v.)+副词pump out secrets发掘秘闻pump up a tire给轮胎打气+介词pump into把吸入,把倾注入pump out of把从中吸出swingn.摇摆；改变；冲力；秋千v.摇摆；旋转；动摇v.(动词)swing作名词时意思是“秋千”,转化为动词时,其基本意思是“摇摆”,指像秋千一样有规律地前后或来回地摆动或以一点为中心地转动。swing引申还可表示“剧变,改变态度”“突变”“下跌”。swing可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语,也可接以形容词
22、充当宾语补足语的复合宾语。swing的过去式和过去分词都是swung。例句用作名词 (n.)The swing of the ship made many people seasick.船的摇摆使许多人晕船。The willow branches swing in the breeze.柳枝迎风摇摆。用作动词 (v.)This will swing public opinions against the government.这将使公共舆论转而反对政府。The children were swinging on a rope.孩子们抓着绳子荡来荡去。词汇搭配用作动词 (v.)+副词swing
23、gently轻轻地摇晃swing gracefully优美地摇摆swing lazily懒散地摇晃swing noiselessly悄悄地摆动swing playfully顽皮地摆动swing recklessly粗心大意地摇晃swing back摆回swing downward下跌swing in with加入swing inward朝里开swing out散射开去swing round(船)转身,转向,掉头swing up吊运+介词swing against sb转过来反对某人swing along the street在街上闲逛swing at对准打去,挥动打swing the bat
24、at the ball挥动球棒击球swing for因而被绞死swing from从摇过来swing from branch to branch在树枝间荡来荡去swing from right to left从右向左摆动swing out of大摇大摆地走出swing out of the room大摇大摆地走出房间swing through进行巡回选竞swing to向摇过去swing towards转向swing with拿着挥舞近义词辨析swing, brandish, flourish, thrash, wave这组词都可表示“挥动”。其区别是：swing指有规律地前后、上下摆动,也指
25、不停地转动; brandish强调挥舞某物以示威胁、恐吓; flourish指为了表示炫耀、喜悦或虚张声势而挥动手中的武器、棍棒等物; thrash指猛烈摆动,有时带有响声; wave指没有规律、节奏地波动或拍动。Organization of Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD)Commodityn.商品；日用品；有价值之物commodity price index: 物价指数Coal is becoming a rare commodity.煤正在成为一种稀缺商品。In spite of the depression, the price of
26、 commodity is still high尽管有些萧条,但商品的价格仍然很高。词汇搭配用作名词 (n.)动词+trade in -ties做物资交易形容词+marketable commodity可销售的商品profitable commodity赚钱的商品dailyhousehold -ties日用品家庭用品介词+the prices of the -ties物价+介词-ties for export出口商品近义词辨析commodity, goods这两个词的共同意思是“商品,货物”。commodity是经济学词汇,其单数形式往往指某一类、某一方面的商品; goods是一般生活和商业词汇,无单数形式。
