1、高考英语二轮复习专题强化训练 语法填空 练习第一讲语法填空全国卷3年考情分析注：2017、2016年全国高考共3套试题，有的按甲、乙、丙卷分类，有的按、卷分类，其对应关系为卷乙卷、卷甲卷、卷丙卷，本书按、卷分类，以下各题型同。命题者说语法填空是高考英语试题的一项创新，它将语法知识的考查融于一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题和给词填空两种形式表现出来，突出考查学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更客观、准确地考量学生的语法知识水平。此题虽然只有15分，占英语全卷分数的十分之一，但也是英语考卷的重要组成部分，不可小觑。要想此题有好的发挥，学好语法，注重运用必不可少，这是基础；了解考点，掌握解题技巧才是确
2、保得分的关键。近3年全国卷八套试题的语法填空部分充分体现了“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。1有提示词有提示词的语法填空考查了动词的时态、语态、主谓一致；非谓语动词；形容词的比较等级；名词的数；代词的格以及词类转换。(1)动词的考查是语法填空的重点，包括谓语动词和非谓语动词。近3年的八套试题对动词的考查比较稳定，基本是每套35题，涉及的范围比较广，几乎涵盖了除虚拟语气之外所有动词的用法。预计将来对动词的考查将一如既往地稳定，虚拟语气也应引起大家的注意。(2)名词、代词的考查每年都会涉及。名词主要考查单复数的变化，代词主要考查人称代词主格、宾格和形容词
3、性物主代词的变化。在此提醒大家关注一下反身代词的考查。(3)形容词、副词的比较等级偶有考查，近3年的八套试题中出现了两次，都是考查的比较级。但最高级也应成为大家关注的对象。(4)词类转换的考查相对稳定，平均每套题两个左右，形容词变副词是考查的重点，另外，动词变为名词，名词与形容词的互变等都应在备考中多注意。2无提示词无提示词的语法填空考查了冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、从句引导词、助动词以及语境填词。(1)冠词、介词主要考查基本用法及固定搭配；并列连词主要看前后的逻辑关系；助动词主要是疑问句或否定句；语境填词包括按固定搭配或逻辑关系选择合适的词。(2)从句引导词指的是三大从句的引导词，包括定语从
4、句的关系代词和关系副词；名词性从句的连接词、连接代词和连接副词；状语从句的连词。但是考查的比较简单，只要搞清从句的基本用法大体都能做对。(3)另外，there be结构与强调句型也应在备考中多关注。(2017全国卷)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61._ a method of fighting heart d
5、isease, has had some unintended side 62._ (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63._ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily
6、functions. When fat and salt 64._ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65._ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66._ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67._ (be) full of fat and salt; by
7、68._ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be 69._ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to h
8、ave too much of both, 70._ is not good for the health.解题导语本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。61as解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”，所以填as，意为“作为”。62effects解析：考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知，此处指不止一种副作
9、用，故用名词复数形式effects。63to process解析：考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.为固定用法。64are removed解析：考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，此处亦应用一般现在时；又因fat and salt是动词remove的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填are removed。65a解析：考查冠词。as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。66worse解析：考查比较级。短语even worse意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故用worse。67is解析：考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子
10、结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为Fast food，故填is。68eating解析：考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填eat的动名词形式eating。69careful解析：考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。70which解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。(2017全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world open
11、ed in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61._(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62._ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63._(lay) the track and then buil
12、ding a strong roof over 64._ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 65._(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66._(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and with
13、in six months, more than 25，000 people were using 67._ every day.Later, engineers 68._(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69._ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts. The Central London
14、Railway was one of the most 70._(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had whitepainted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.解题导语本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的地铁的过程。61crowds解析：考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。62from解析：考查介词。
15、此处to and from work是指“当他们来回上下班时”。63laying解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。64the解析：考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在top前加the。65were used解析：考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍1863年的事情，而且Steam engines与use之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。66fairly解析：考查副词。此处fair是形容词，unpleasant也是形容词，所以要将fair变为副词来
16、修饰形容词unpleasant，故在其前填fairly。67it解析：考查代词。根据上文的“the railway quickly”可知，此处用it代替the railway。68managed解析：考查动词时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系，而且是发生在过去的事情，所以填managed。69introduction解析：考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。70successful解析：考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。(2017全国卷)She looks
17、like any other schoolgirl, freshfaced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new Alevel course. But unlike her school friends ，16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm 41._(rest). Instead, she is earning 6，500 a day as 42._ model in New York. Sarah 43._(tell) that
18、she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model fulltime. But Sarah, 44._ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 45._(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on
19、 with her 46._(educate)She has turned down several 47._(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree 48._engineering or architecture. Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should tak
20、e the offer now. But at the moment, school 49._(come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 50._(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.”解题导语本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了16岁的Sarah在上学的同时兼职做模特，并且取得了巨大的成功；虽然她父亲希望
21、她当全职模特，但是Sarah仍然坚持要完成学业。41resting解析：考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth.是固定搭配，故填resting。42a解析：考查冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数，此处表示“作为一名模特”，故填a。43has been told/was told解析：考查动词时态和语态。此处动词tell与Sarah是被动关系，因为第二段在讲述父亲和Sarah的想法时都是用现在时，因此可以用现在完成时表达过去对现在的影响，故可以填has been told。此外，“被告知”这件事情发生在过去，故也可填was told。44who解析：考查定语从句。此句Sar
22、ah是主语，wants是主句谓语，因此可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah，从句中缺主语且指人，故填who。45to prove解析：考查非谓语动词。want to do是固定搭配，故填to prove。46education解析：考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词her后需用educate的名词形式，故填education。47invitations解析：考查名词单复数。invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，要用复数形式，故填invitations。48in解析：考查介词。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填in。49comes解析：考查动词时态
23、。全文均为现在时，且school是第三人称单数，故填comes。50certainly解析：考查副词。此处fun是形容词，应该用副词来修饰形容词，故填certainly。一、有提示词(一)提示词为动词“一定三思”解“动词” 命题点1考查谓语动词若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态，还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。示例1(2017全国卷)When fat and salt 64._ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.解析ar
24、e removed考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，64空所在的时间状语从句中没有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语动词。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。示例2(2017全国卷)Later, engineers 68._(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube.解析managed考查时态。分析句子结构可知，68空所在句的句中没
25、有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语动词。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系且从时间状语later和became known as . 可知应用一般过去时，所以应填managed。 命题点2考查非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词通常是非谓语动词，就要确定是v.ing形式，v.ed形式，还是不定式。一般来说，v.ing形式表示主动进行；v.ed形式表示被动完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。示例1(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road, 63._(lay) the track and then building a stron
26、g roof over 64.the top.解析laying考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，63空所在的句子中已有谓语动词included，且空处不与included作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。示例2(2017全国卷)But unlike her school friends，16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm 41._(rest)解析resting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，41空所在的句子中已有谓语动
27、词is not spending，且空处不与其作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。spend time(in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。示例3(2016全国卷)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43._(create) special designs.解析to create考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，43空所在句中已有谓语动词combine，且空处不与combine作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语，故答案为to create。示例4(2015全国卷)A study of
28、travelers 68._(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.解析conducted考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，68空所在句中已有谓语动词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词作定语。故答案为conducted。 命题点3考查词类转换有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求进行词类转换。示例1(2017全国卷
29、)She is determined to carry on with her 46._(educate)解析education考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。示例2(2017全国卷)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be 69._ (care) not to go to e
30、xtremes.解析careful考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。(二)提示词为名词或代词“一同二变”看“名、代” 命题点1考查名词、代词的数与格所给提示词是名词时，一般考查单复数的变化，偶尔考查所有格；所给词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。示例1(2017全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62._(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析effects考查名词复数。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight an
