1、高考非谓语动词专题分析非谓语常考点及易错点一、定义1.谓语动词与非谓语动词谓语动词：一句话中有且仅有一非并列的谓语动词。2.非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象，若主从句之间没有连词及关系词，则用非谓语动词。记住：谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词可以做除谓语之外的任何成分(见非谓语动词的语法功能)。【随堂练习】一、非谓语动词和谓语动词1. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _ all four people on board. A. killed B. killing C. kills D.
2、 to kill 2. Last month a plane loaded with 30 journalists and _ to make a safe landing crashed in Iraq. A. tried B. trying C. to try D. was trying3. The trip to Australia, originally _ last week, was finally canceled for the lack of money. A. made B. making C. having been made D. to be made1-3 BBD二、
3、非谓语动词和并列谓语动词1. She got up, _ herself in a hurry and went downstairs for breakfast. A. dressing B. to dress C. dressed D. having dressed2. She got up, _ herself in a hurry, and went downstairs for breakfast. A. dressing B. to dress C. dressed D. having dressed3. She took her son, ran out of the house
4、, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctors office. A. put B. to put C. putting D. having put4. Hearing the news, he rushed out, _ the book _ on the table and disappeared into the distance. A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened 1-4 CAAB二
5、、结构1.非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，v-ing分词(又分为现在分词和动名词)和过去分词。主动被动To do不定式To doTo be doneTo be doing-To have doneTo have been donedoingdoingBeing doneHaving doneHaving been donedone-doneDoing（现在分词）doingBeing doneHaving doneHaving been done否定形式：在非谓语动词前面加not主动被动To do不定式Not to doNot to be doneNot to be doing-Not to h
6、ave doneNot to have been doneDoing（动名词）Not doingNot being doneNot having doneNot having been donedone-Not doneDoing（现在分词）Not doingNot being doneNot having doneNot having been done例1.He is opposed_A. not to going out B.to not going out C.not to go out D.to not go out答案：B 解析：这里的to为介词，不是非谓语动词，因此只能在doin
7、g前面加not2.非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词。 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。【例题精讲】例2.I found my computer function fast, _this new version of system.A. having installed B.inst
8、alled C.installing D.being installed例3._along this street till the end, you will see the park.A. walking B.walk C.having walked D.walked答案：AC 解析：非谓语动词的逻辑主语都为主句主语，因此都是主动。非谓语动词在谓语动词之前，因此用having done的形式。3.非谓语动词十大解题原则原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接，如果没有连词连接，则需要用非谓语动词例1. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it
9、.A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had been told例2_ many times, he still couldnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had told解析：例1中有连词but连接，表明前后都是句子，所以答案为C。例2中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应该用非谓语动词，根据句意此处为被动，所以答案为A。原则二、不及物动词无-
10、ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式例3. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing解析：lose为及物动词，现在后面没有宾语，所以用-ed形式，答案为B。例4. _, I really believe that Id prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the pos
11、sibilities B. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into consideration D. Giving all the possibilities解析：把。考虑进来结构为take sth into consideration，现在take后面有宾语all the possibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案为B。原则三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作状语，只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done
12、强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前，只做状语，不做定语。例5. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed解析：根据句意“我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件”，没有打通电话应该发生在发邮件之前，所以用having done，答案为D。例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared
13、by all.A. to have founded B. having founded C. founding D. to found解析：根据句意，Tim Bemers-Lee创立万维网应该是过去的事情，而且be considered后面应该用动词不定式，所以应该用to have done，答案为A。原则四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-to do，表正在进行用-ing，表示已经完成用-ed例7. The play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the local cultureAproduced Bbeing produced Cto be pro
14、duced Dhaving been produced解析：根据本题中的时间状语next month，可知the play将要于下月被创作出来，表将来应该用to do，答案为C。例8.The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down解析：根据句意“被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了”，树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作，表已经完成用-ed形式，所以答案为B。原则五、介词后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加逻辑主语例
15、9. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thief D. the thief being caught解析：本题led to中的to是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，the thief作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为D。例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened
16、 and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close解析：本题the noise of中的of是介词，后面应该用-ing形式，desks作-ing的逻辑主语，所以答案为C。原则六、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语，-ed形式则不可以例11. _ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.A. Caught B. Having caught C. Being caught D. To catch解析：
17、本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。例12 _twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. Examining B. Examined C. Being examined D. Having been examined解析：本题中is为系动词，前面应该作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为C。原则七、be+-ed+介词结构常可把be去掉保留-ed+介词做状语例13 Michaels new ho
18、use is like a huge palace, _ with his old one. I think Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _ Michaels new house with his old one.A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared解析：“和。相比较”结构为be compared with，现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为D。 A 例14 _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided
19、to ask his boss for advice._ a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing解析：“面对”结构为be faced with, 现在做句子的状语，所以只保留非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为C。D原则八、非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构例
20、15 _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语the postman一致，the postman应该是被咬，所以答案为B。例16._ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk. B. Walk
21、ing C. Walked D. Having walked解析：本题考查非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语应和句子主语he一致, he 和walk应该是主动关系，所以答案为B。例17. While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings解析：根据“非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致”的原则，watching的逻辑主语应和后面句子主语一致，所以句子主语应为“we”，答案为C
22、。例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished解析：本题没有连词，所以后面应用非谓语动词，the lessons是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，和非谓语动词构成独立主格结构。根据句意应是“被完成”，所以答案为B。原则九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语（表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式）。另外，某些形容词（表喜、怒、哀、乐）做表语后跟不定式可以表示原因例
23、19_, you need to give all you have and try your best.A. Being a winner B. To be a winner C. Be a winner D. Having been a winner解析：根据句意“要想成为获胜者，你要付出所有，尽最大努力”，此处表目的，所以答案为B。例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told解析：本句句意为
24、“记者们匆匆赶到机场，却被告知明星们已经走了”，表出乎意料的结果常常用only to do，所以答案为B。例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let解析：本题句意为“玻璃门替换了木头门，自然光就进来了”，自然光进来时顺其自然的结果，所以用doing, 答案为B。例22.How glad I am _ you!A. seeing
25、 B. to see C. saw D. having seen解析： 本题是I am glad to see you 的感叹句形式，to see you 是原因状语，答案为B。原则十、 非谓语动词的否定原则是在非谓语动词前加not，有not to do, not doing, not having done, not to have done几种形式例23_that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. N
26、ot to have realized解析： 本题考查doing的否定形式not doing，答案为 C。例24. What worried him most was _ to visit his sick child.A. his being not allowed B. his not being allowedC. his not allowing D. having not been allowed解析：本题考查being done的否定形式not being done; his 为not being done的逻辑主语，所以答案为B。例25. Sarah has decided _
27、away on holiday this summer.A. dont go B. to not go C. not going D. not to go解析：本题考查to do的否定形式not to do, 所以答案为D。三、非谓语动词高考考点1）考点一：独立主格结构中的非谓语动词和句子中的谓语动词独立主格结构：n./pron.doing/done/to do/adv./adj./prep.短语前后主语不一致时，分词作状语需有自己的逻辑主语，且分词与逻辑主语之间存在着逻辑上的主动或被动关系，此时，视为独立主格结构。若把独立主格结构还原为状语从句，则主句的主语与从句的主语是不同的。例1：It
28、being Sunday, we neednt go to school. Because it is Sunday, we neednt go to school.例2：All the work done, you can have a rest. If all the work is done, you can have a rest.做题方法：先判断主从句之间是否有连词或关系词，若有则不用非谓语动词，若无则要考虑使用非谓语动词再判断主语和非谓语动词的主被动关系，及与谓语动词的先后关系，主动用ing，被动用done，若先于谓语动词要用having done若主句的主语和从句的主语不一致，则
29、使用独立主格结构，（非谓语动词前需要加个逻辑主语）【例题精讲】1. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ translated into foreign languages. 2. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _ were translated into foreign languages.3. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _ were translated into foreign languages. A. it B. them C. which D. that 4.
30、There I met several people, two of _ being foreigners. 5. There I met several people, two of _ were foreigners. 6. There I met several people, and two of _ were foreigners. A. that B. them C. whom D. who7. _ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was8. _ no bus, we had to walk home. A. As there being B. As there was C. Being D. There was9. _, the text became easier for us to
