1、拖拉机产品研发 机械车辆和汽车 电控CAE设计 零配件Integrated control of agricultural tractors and implements: a review of potential opportunities relating to cultivation and crop establishment machinery农业机械一体化系统的设计与实施： 商业机会与潜在市场 作物与环境的评估模型Computers and Electronics in AgricultureThe quality of work and the output of a trac
2、tor-implement combination relies heavily upon the concentration and skill of the operator. Electronic systems are used increasingly to control tractor sub-systems, i.e. engine, transmission, implement hitch, external hydraulics, and driveline, and to monitor or control certain implements. However, c
3、urrent systems operate autonomously, relying entirely upon the operator for coordination. An integrated hierarchical control system could potentially monitor operating parameters pertinent to both the tractor and attached implements and use this information to control relevant tractor and implement
4、sub-systems in a coordinated manner, thereby improving machine performance. Potential opportunities for the application of real-time, integrated, hierarchical control techniques to certain cultivation and crop establishment implements currently in use on European farms are reviewed. Specific impleme
5、nts (and their parameters) considered include primary cultivation machinery (control of working depth and working width), secondary cultivation machinery (control of working depth and seedbed quality) and crop establishment machinery (control of seeding depth and seed rate). Outline control strategi
6、es are proposed for these applications, and sensors and other hardware required to implement the control systems are identified. It is speculated that the agronomic and economic benefits which are likely to result from the implementation of the proposed technology, will enable economic justification
7、 of the proposed control systems in two to four operating seasons. These savings are likely to result from greater operational efficiency and more precise control of agronomic inputs.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Control system integration3. Cultivation machinery 3.1. Primary cultivation machiner
8、y 3.1.1. General3.1.2. Parameters requiring control3.1.3. Control of working depth3.1.4. Control of working width3.1.5. Other control opportunities3.2. Secondary cultivation machinery 3.2.1. General3.2.2. Parameters requiring control3.2.3. Control of working depth3.2.4. Control of seedbed quality3.2
9、.5. Other control opportunities4. Crop establishment machinery 4.1. General4.2. Parameters requiring control4.3. Control of seeding depth4.4. Control of seed rate4.5. Other control opportunities5. Summary and conclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesAutomatic end-of-line tuning for a motion inverter in
10、agricultural tractorsControl Engineering Practice控制工程与实践学报农田拖拉机的小空间转向研究 自动化的田边临埂转向系统设计End-of-line tuning is a crucial step for any mass-produced system endowed with automatic controllers. As a matter of fact, due to components tolerances and spreads in the production line, the controller tuning perf
11、ormed on a prototype system is never optimal on the final product. In many industrial applications, though, the end-of-line tuning is performed by human testers, and this does not always guarantee an objective assessment of the closed-loop system quality. This paper proposes a systematic way to desi
12、gn an automatic tuning procedure for a motion-inverter controller in agricultural tractors, which allows to significantly reduce the costs of end-of-line tuning and to obtain a homogeneous manoeuvre quality in all vehicles. The proposed automatic tuning system adapts the controller parameters govern
13、ing the open-loop phase of the manoeuvre until a predefined manoeuvre quality is achieved. The parameters adaptation phase is guided by an on-line objective assessment of the manoeuvre quality from measured data, which allows to automatically classify the performed manoeuvre with respect to its qual
14、ity attributes. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is assessed on a prototype vehicle.Article Outline1. Introduction and motivation2. System description3. Controller description 3.1. EVD control strategy3.2. EVP control strategy4. Assessing the manoeuvre quality 4.1. Duration index4.2. Disco
15、mfort index4.3. Symmetry index5. Automatic tuning algorithm 5.1. Sensitivity analysis5.2. Auto-tuning algorithm implementation6. Experimental results7. Concluding remarks and outlookAcknowledgementsReferencesApplications of empirical methods in central Italy for predicting field wheeled and tracked
16、vehicle performanceSoil and Tillage ResearchResearch highlightsClayrubber track numeric (Nr) was higher for a four rubber tracks vehicle. Claytire numeric (Nc) values were higher for low and medium power wheeled tractors. For mean maximum pressure (MMP) on soil to be 100kPa, Nc,r should be more than
17、 30. Vehicle cone index (VCI1) and MMP values were similar for low soil contact pressure. Higher Nc,r and traction performance values correspond to lowest VCI and MMP values.Synthesis and analysis of the steering system of an adjustable tread-width four-wheel tractorMechanism and Machine TheoryPreci
18、sion agriculture on grassland: Applications, perspectives and constraints精准农业与草场机械：应用、视角和约束European Journal of AgronomyAutomatic diagnosis of engine of agricultural tractors: The BED experimentDevelopment of an intuitive user interface for a hydraulic backhoe液压控制系统的用户界面开发 框架与主干设计思路Automation in Cons
19、tructionEffect of vibration isolators in reduction of work stress during field operation of hand tractorBiosystems Engineering手扶拖拉机的震动与工作舒适性的关系 操作人机工程An Automatic Depth Control System for Online Measurement of Spatial Variation in Soil Compaction, Part 1: Sensor Design for Measurement of Frame Heigh
20、t Variation from Soil SurfaceAn Automatic Depth Control System for Online Measurement of Spatial Variation in Soil Compaction, Part 2: Modelling of the Depth Control SystemDesign, development and performance evaluation of a tractor-mounted bevameter农用机械与车辆的设计要求：设计开发标准 产品效能评估The vehicle routing probl
21、em in field logistics part I农场/农村物流/农业物流的这辆路径问题拖拉机产品实施规划系列农用车CAE分析液压设计车辆电控系统设计机械、车辆汽车及零配件工作经验深厚的研发Tractors Implementation Planning Series Agricultural vehicles CAE analysis Hydraulic Design Vehicle Electronic Control System Machinery, vehicles Motor vehicles and parts Work experience Deep R & D 98 a
22、rticles found for: pub-date 2000 and tak(Tractors or (Agricultural and (Machinery or vehicles) and (Hydraulic Design ) or (CAE analysis ) or (Motor vehicles) or parts or R&D or (Work experience) or (Electronic Control System ) or (product and application) or (Implementation and practice)12 articles
23、found for: pub-date 2000 and tak(Tractors or (Agricultural and (Machinery or vehicles) or (Hydraulic Design ) or (CAE analysis ) and (Motor vehicles) or parts or Deep R&D or (Work experience) or (Electronic Control System ) or (product and application) or (sales and promotion) or (Implementation and
24、 practice) or (Planning and Series)An automatic depth control system for shallow manure injection, Part 1: Modelling of the depth control systemBiosystems EngineeringInjection depth has an important impact on the performance of a shallow manure injection system. Therefore, it should be maintained wi
25、thin narrow margins. For this purpose, an automatic electro-hydraulic depth control system was developed, which minimises the difference between the actual injection, measured by means of an ultrasonic sensor, and the desired injection depth. To minimise this difference the relative position of the
26、shallow slurry injector attached to the four-point linkage at the back of a manure tanker was changed with respect to this tanker. A grey box model was developed for the conversion of the voltage applied to an electronic control unit into the working depth of a shallow manure injector. A simplified
27、and linearised model based on theoretical considerations was developed. The parameters of this model were estimated by means of frequency-domain identification techniques. This model contained all the dominant dynamics of the system that are relevant for control design. Since the dynamics of the sys
28、tem change during manure application, the worst case with respect to the stability of the depth control system was sought by comparing several extreme situations. The case of an empty tanker with the injector above the ground (minimal soil penetration resistance) was found to be the worst case and t
29、he model parameters were determined for this case. The resulting model contains an integrator and is of second order in the numerator, and fourth order in the denominator. Along with the non-linear time delay effect this model was found to be suitable for a model-based design of a stable and accurat
30、e injection depth controller.Article OutlineNomenclature1. Introduction2. System description3. Determination of the model structure 3.1. The electro-hydraulic sub-system3.2. Tanker sub-model3.3. Global model4. Parameter estimation 4.1. Measurement procedure4.2. Effects of soilinjector interaction4.3
31、. Effects of the tanker load4.4. Estimation of the model parameters5. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferences一种液压实时电控系统的故障容忍度测试与研究Fault tolerant real time control system for steer-by-wire electro-hydraulic systemsMechatronics机械电子工程学学报A steer-by-wire (SBW) control system is presented with emphasis on s
32、afety issues. The applications are in articulated vehicles such as the wheel type loaders, articulated trucks, and others. The electro-hydraulic (EH) power circuit is controlled by two embedded electronic control modules (ECM), the primary ECM and backup ECM. The two ECMs monitor each others condition. If one detects fault in the other, it takes over the control functions.
