1、中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级下 Unit42010年中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级下 Unit 4He said I was hard-working【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 first of all 首先pass on 传递be supposed to 被期望或被要求. .do better in 在.方面做得更好be in good health 身体健康report card 成绩单get over 克服；恢复；原谅open up 打开care for 照料；照顾have a party for sb.为某人举行一次聚会be mad at sb 使发疯II. 重要句型1. He s
2、aid I was hard-working. 2. -What did your teacher say? - He/ She said III. 交际用语学习如何转述别人所叙述的内容。IV. 重要语法1. 重点词及短语。1. 直接引语和间接引语。 我认为给你父亲说这件事的时机还不成熟。 I dont think it is the right time for you to tell your father about that. 我认为他不是一个好演员。 I dont think he is a good actor. 我认为你说的并不正确。 I dont think you are r
3、ight. Yesterday she told me she was sorry shed gotten mad. 昨天她告诉我，她为自己当时生气而抱歉。 Nowadays, many students prefer using English names in a language classroom. 如今，许多学生喜欢在上语言课的时候用英文名字。 prefer的用法： prefer v. 更喜欢；宁愿 prefer sth. to sth. 喜欢胜过 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢而不喜欢 prefer to do rather than do 宁
4、愿而不愿 e.g. Do you prefer coffee or tea? 你喜欢咖啡还是茶？ He prefers talking to doing. 他喜欢说，却不喜欢做。 They prefer to die rather than surrender. 他们宁死不屈。 And for young people, having an English name is cool for them when they talk to their foreign pen pals. 而且对年轻人来说，有了英文名字，和笔友交谈时也很酷。 having an English name 中havin
5、g 是动词ing形式, 用来做主语。 e.g. Getting up early every day is his good habit. 每天早起是他的习惯。 Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的运动。 Learning English and having English names are both popular in China. They are also important for Chinas contact with the world. 学习英语，而且有英文名字在中国很流行。这些对中国和世界的接触也很重要。 contact的用法：
6、 contact n. e.g. be in contact with 和.接触， 有联系 They have been in contact with each other for five years. 他们互相保持联系已经有五年了。 She comes into contact with many people. 她和许多人有联系。 contact v. e.g. She contacted me as soon as she arrived. 她一到就和我联系了。 On the other hand, some people who come to China choose Chine
7、se names 另一方面，一些人来到中国，也起了中文名字。 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 e.g. On one hand, he is a clever boy; on the other hand, he always makes his mother angry. 一方面，他是个聪明的孩子；可另一方面，他老惹母亲生气。 语法小结 1.直接引语（Direct Speech）是指原封不动的引用原话，把它放在引号内，例如： Mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, t
8、hen you can go out and play with your friends.” They said, “We want to have a rest.” 间接引语（Reported Speech，又叫Indirect Speech）即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是： Mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends. They said they wanted to have a
9、rest. He said he hadnt known me. 当“过去的过去”已经不言自明，或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现，或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时，一般过去时形式可以不变。例如： Ann said, “She was born in 1981.” Ann said she was born in 1981. b） 过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时，也可以不变。例如： Robert said, “I was joking with Mary.” Robert said he had been joking with Mary. Robert said he was joking wi
10、th Mary. c） 过去完成时仍为过去完成时，不需改变。例如： He said, “We hadnt returned to the store when she came.” He said they hadnt returned to the store when she came. d） 时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。例如： John said, “When I lived in London I often saw Jane.” John said when he lived in London he had often seen Jane. John said
11、 when he lived in London he often saw Jane. 3） 将来时间推移到过去将来时间 最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。例如： He said, “Were spending next weekend at home.” He said they were spending the next weekend at home. She said, “The milk will go off（变质）if you dont drink it today.” She said the milk would go off if I didnt
12、 drink it that day. They said, “Were going to Hawaii this summer vacation.” They said they were going to Hawaii that summer vacation. 但是，在引述时，如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间，那么，可以不推移到过去将来时间。例如： He said, “Ill be waiting for you tomorrow.” He said he will be waiting for me tomorrow. 4） 人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化 由
13、上面的例子可以看出，当直接引语变成间接引语时，除动词时态变化外，人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也作相应的变化。 a） 人称代词，除引述本人原话外，通常第一、二人称变为第三人称，或者第二人称变为第一人称；限定词也作相应的变化。例如： He said, “We love our country.” He said they love their county. b） 指示代词this，these分别变成that/it，those/they或them；指示限定词this，those通常变为that，those或the。例如： “This house is very expensive,”
14、 she said. She said that house was very expensive. The children came back with two wallets and said, “We picked these up on the pavement.” The children came back with two wallets and said they had picked them up on the pavement. c） 时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况： i） 时间状语和动词时态两者都变。例如： He said, “It was completes
15、a year ago.” He said it had been completed a year before. ii） 时间状语不变，动词时态可变可不变。例如： She said, “We left Paris at 8 a.m.” She said they had left Paris at 8 a.m. She said they left Paris at 8 a.m. iii） 时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定，如果引述时间和说话时间（如同一年、同一月、同一天等），时间状语可不变。例如： Mr. Black said, “We started learning Chinese l
16、ast month.” Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese last month. （同一月引述） Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese the previous month. （可在同一月引述，也可不在同一月引述） 直接引语 间接引语 today that day this morning/afternoon, etc. that morning/afternoon, etc. yesterday the day before, the previous day (the
17、) day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day, the following day (the) day after tomorrow two days after, in two days time next week/month, etc. the next week/month, etc. last week/month the week/month before now then d） 地点状语here通常变为there；但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用here，也可用具体地点代替here。例如： Sh
18、e said, “I first met your brother here.” She said she first met my brother there. “Are the children here?” Father asked. Father asked whether the children were here. 本单元重点：直接引语和间接引语，需要注意的是：直接引语变间接引语时，人称和时态要发生变化，时态得和主句的时态保持一致。【典型例题解析】例1 The children will climb the hill if it _ tomorrow. A. wont rain
19、B. didnt rain C. doesnt rain D. isnt raining 解析 此句中if意为“如果”，引导的是时间状语从句，其中主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 答案 （C）例2 We went to Hainan Island on May Day and had great fun _in the sun. A. surf B. surfing C. surfs D. to surf解析 have fun doing sth.为固定词组，意为“做某事很开心、高兴”。答案 （B） 例3 Frank _to see his grandma if he _free tomo
20、rrow. A. will come; will be B. comes; is B. comes; will be D. will come; is正解 D错因分析 本句时间状语为tomorrow，所以会错选为A选项，但在if引导的时间状语从句中，主句应用一般将来时，而从句则用一般现在时。故选D。例4 Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit instead of_ rich food.A. too much B. much too C. too many D. very much正解 A错
21、因分析 此题考查上面四个短语的区别。too much “太多的”，后接不可数名词；much too“很，非常”，后接形容词或副词；very much“很，非常”，用来修饰动词；too many “太多的”后接可数名词复数形式。句中food 是不可数名词，所以应用too much。例5 (2008年铜仁)Do you know _ man in white T-shirt?Yes. Hes our teacher of English, Mr. Zeng.A. a B. an C. the D. / 【析】本题考查冠词用法。冠词a、an表泛指，the表特指。此处是指那个穿白体恤的人，故表示特指，
22、所以C是正确的。答案 C单元测试题一、单项填空1Bill said to Allen he _ soccer every SundayAis playing Bplayed Cplaying Dwould play2_ students in a village may not sound like funATeach BTeaching CTeacher DTo teaching3Betty_her friends that her parents_to have a party for herAsaid；will Btold；wouldCtold；were going Dtells；wil
23、l4My mother is mad_me for_her glassesAwith；broken Bat；break Cabout；broken Dat；breaking5Ray does_in history than IAbetter Bgood Cwell Dbest6My dictionary is on Marys desk Could you?Apast it to me B pass me it Cpass it to me Dpass it for me7Youre supposed your homework on timeAfinished Bfinishing Cto
24、finish Dfinish8He_his shortcomings (缺点) and became a good studentAgot up Bgot off Ccame over Dgot over9I dont knowAhow is he old Bhow old he isChow old is he Dhe is how old10Please_away the water and_ me a cup of teaAtake；bring Btake；takeCbring；bring Dbring；take11The teacher said that light _ faster
25、 than soundAtravels Btravelled Ctravel Dto travel12You can_books _ the libraryAborrow；in Bborrow：fromC1end；in D1end；from13How long does it _ him to travel from Beijing to Xian?Atake Bspend Cuse Dmake14The little baby looks_Alovely Bcarefully Cheavily Dsadly15Could you tell me who _ tomorrow morning?
26、Ayou would visit Bwill you visitCyou will visit Dwould you visit16Tom wanted to know _ the meeting would beginAif Bwhen Cthat Dwhat17They arrived early_a Friday afternoonAat Bon Cin Dof18My brother is a _ boy and he sings very_Awell；good Bgood；wellCwell；well Dgood；good19He was doing his homework whe
27、n Tom_Aget to Breached Cgot to Darrived20Its not right _ others homeworkAcopy t Bcopies Ccopying Dto copy二、完形填空When Roy was four years old，his father 1 in an accident，leaving his mother and himAfter Roy left high school，he wanted 2 to a good college in his hometownBut his mother would pay 3 money fo
28、r his college education“Ill try to do something for you as soon as you pass the entrance exam，”said his motherRoy took the examAs a result，he could enter the college 4 he didnt get very high scoresHis mother was very excited，but she knew quite a lot of money would be neededThe next day，she sold her
29、car and asked her boss 5 another four hours work every dayShe even had two jobs，one during the day and 6 at nightShe had to walk to work and work twelve hours a day，seven days a week，but she didnt 7She thought her sons education was worth so muchA term passedRoy took his first exam after entering the collegeWhen the results were told，Roy ran home to 8 his mother the news“Mum，”he
