1、英语发音基础技巧英语发音基础技巧大凡精于说服、演讲的人说话或是跌宕起伏、或是激情昂扬亦或是低沉压抑，通过他们的声音可以把他们的感情，态度，观点移化到听得如痴如醉的观众心上，如神来之笔，演讲者的观点不经任何掩饰似乎就都成了观众的观点；然则僧尼诵经之声，静如秋叶潭水，即是风吹，微漪化之。若非看破尘世，心如止水，恐怕没人能如痴如醉的去细听所念之文，并且感叹被其移化。相对于深受儒家思想影响的汉语，内敛委婉，英语很贴合欧美人直接外向的的特点，感情能够伴随着语言直接体现在脸庞上即使最小音素也需要脸部诸多肌肉的配合作用，音素的轻重音，再到单词的轻重读音节，再到意群的连读、略读、弱读、停顿，最后到整句话的升降
2、调，从而造就了native speaker悦耳的发音，也造就了以汉语发音技巧生搬硬套在英语发音上的我们如诵经般连自己都不堪忍受的chinglish。接下来，本资料将简略的介绍一些关于英语发音的基础技巧，借以抛砖。一 发音之单词单词的轻重读音节1. 单音节词单音节词都是重读音节 Cup cat1.1节奏话语节奏：重读音节和非重读音节交替出现的现象。英语的节奏规律是以重音定时的，即重读音节彼此距离相等。 bread and milk和 some bread and some milk ,两者的重读音节数相同，因此朗读两者的时间大致相等。2.双音节词2.1一般在第一个音节重读: letter sor
3、ry England movement exercise 2.2有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音: about believe address decide condemn respect compare inform discuss impress mistake enforce prepare employ permit escape produce exclaim translate
4、 report 2.3有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上: record- record insult- insult conduct- conduct present- present desert- desert import- import produce- produce object- object 2.4有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, -teen等的词，有两个重音: outside retell well-known unreal
5、 fourteen Chinese pre-war post-war3.多音节词3.1一般倒数第三个音节是重音: difficult communist family economy exercise interesting opportunity democracy possibility 3.2有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音: carefully indefinite comfortable conductor according disturbance complicated establishment 3.3词尾有-eous, -grahpy,
6、-ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, -ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上: courteous calligraphy editorial historian mathematics experience sufficient identify translation religious curiosity protective mathematician 3.4词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音: entertain e
7、mployee mountaineer Japanese cigarette4复合名词4.1复合名词的重音一般在第一个音节上blackboard anybody handbag bookstore hot dog classroom pickpocket lifestyle website sleeping car computer games middle school sitting room 4.2复合动词的重音一般在第二个音节 illtreat overdo 4.3有些复合词有双重音 kindhearted three-legged afternoon4.4少数复合词的重音在第二个音节
8、上 whatever yourself throughout4.5重音的转移afternoon this afternoon afternoon teafourteen Hes fourteen. fourteen yearsChinese Were Chinese. the Chinese peopleunknown quite unknown an unknown factinside come inside an inside seat4.5有些复合词的重音位置对词义的变化有影响darkroom 暗房 dark room 黑暗的房间 greenhouse 温室 green house 绿
9、色的房屋 bluebottle 矢车菊 blue bottle 兰色的瓶子 blackboard 黑板 black board 黑色的木板English book 英语教材 English book 英文书 (printed in English)二发音之意群 意群的连读意群就是指句子中按意思和语法结构划分出的各个成分，每一个成分即称为一个意群。同一意群中的词与词的关系紧密相关，密不可分，否则就会引起误解。 意群和意群之间可以有一定的停顿，这种停顿和人们的思维活动是一致的，但一个意群中的各个单词之间则不可停顿，整个意群读下来就像一个长单词一样。注意：意群之间的停顿是根据说话人情况而定，并非一定
10、要停顿不可。但如有停顿，则必在意群之间，随意乱停就破坏了语言的节奏。Reading aloud /is very important / for beginners.Early to bed / and early to rise / makes a man / healthy, happy, and wise.Jane, / whos a brilliant swimmer, / represented Britain / at the Olympic Games.After he took his bath, / he dressed in a hurry, / ran to catch
11、the bus, / and got to his appointment / before it was too late.By the time he arrived/ he was completely exhausted.When I leave Beijing/ I will leave/ with very fond memories/ of the city and its people/ and with an increased knowledge of China.2.1 连读在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元
12、音音素开头,就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成一个音节,这就是连读。连读时的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可以加音,也不可以读得太重。如:not at all这个短语。连读时听起来就像是一个单词。注意:连读只发生在句子中的同一个意群中。在两个意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音和元音出现,也不可连读。如:Please take a look at it.这个句子中take a look at it是同一个意群,那么take与a可连读,look与at可连读,at与it可连读。在There is a book in it.一句中book与in往往不连读,因为book与in分别在两个不同的意群中。
13、连读中有一个是元音结尾与元音开头这属于加音节情况如果你注意美国人说话，你会发现，要从你听到的一连串声音里面挑出某个词来近乎是不可能的。因为他们在说话的时候，词汇常常整个地连贯在一起。比如说，本来一个单词一个单词地拼读，我们发现词汇里面没有r的发音，或者没有某个音节的发音，但是在整个句子连贯说出来的时候，这样的现象就产生了，尤其是两个元音相邻的时候。除了r是最常用的连续音节以外，w和j常常用来接两个元音。例如：area(r)of literature drama(r)and music the idea(r)of it law(r)and order hold on hol don turn o
14、ver tur nover tell her I miss her teller I misserNotatall. Please pickitup.1.辅音与元音间的连续如果前一个单词以辅音结尾，后面单词以元音开头，则直接将两因素连在一起读。值得注意的是：当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。 Isit ahat or a cat?（hat与or之间不可以连读） Thereisa good book in my desk. （book与in之间不可以连读） Can you speakEnglish or French? （English与
15、or之间不可以连读）Shall we meet ateight or ten tomorrow morning? （meet与 at，eight与or之间不可以连读） She opened the door and walkedin. （door与and之间不可以连读）2.元音与元音之间的连读在元音之间插入j或w, 从而使纯元音音节之间的过渡变得自然、流畅，读起来更加上口。Iam Chinese.Heis very friendly to me.She wants to studyEnglish.Howand why did you come here?She cant carryit.Itl
16、l take you threehours to walk there.The question is tooeasy for him to answer.2.11 前面的单词以元音e或i或ai结尾，紧随其后的单词以元音开头，这时，在两个单词之间出现j作为过渡。 day in and day out ; Can you see it（try it)? 2.12前面的单词以u或o或au结尾，紧随其后的单词以元音开头，这时，在两个单词之间出现w作为过渡。 Can you do it? Go away How are you doing?2.21 前面的单词以元音e或i或ai结尾，紧随其后的单词以元
17、音开头，这时，在两个单词之间出现j作为过渡 say it stay up very interesting she is copy it he and she 2.22前面的单词以u或o或au结尾，紧随其后的单词以元音开头，这时，在两个单词之间出现w作为过渡。 go out go away flew out who else how old so angry2.23如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。 以辅音结尾的单词 + h开头的单词h不发音，与前面的辅音连读Tellher I missher.What wil(l he) wilido?
18、Ha(s he) zi doneit before?Mus(t he) ti go?Can he ni do it?Should he di .?Tell him to ask her.Lea(ve him) vim.“r/re+元音”，如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/，而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。 for evermore over Remember it after all a matter of fact a pair of shoes answer it a pair of socksafter allon your ownfa
19、ther and son Cheer up!as far asTheyre my fatherand mother. I looked forit hereand there. Thereis a football underit. Thereare some books on the desk. Hereis a letter for you. Hereare foureggs. But whereis my cup? Whereare your brotherand sister?The beeris good!The authoris my brother.Please wait for
20、 me fora moment.I do it forhim.但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。 The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.（nearer与and不可连读） 3.11“辅音+半元音”i. 英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。 Thankyou. ii. 音的同化也是一种连读的现象，两个词之间非常平滑的过渡，导致一个音受临音影响而变化。 t d s z+ j 要发生音变：辅音t与j相邻时，被同化为t：t + j t
21、Nice to meetyou. Cantyou do it?Ill letyou know.Is thatyour car?No, notyet.辅音d与j相邻时，被同化为d：d + j dDidyou get there lateagain? Wouldyou likea cupof tea？ Couldyou help me, please? 辅音s与j相邻时, 被同化为：s + j God blessyou.Canyou dressyourself?I missyou.3.“元音+元音”如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。 DoI?Yo
22、ure ju sohonest.Iam Chinese. Heis very friendly to me. She wants to studyEnglish. Howand why did you come here? She cant carryit. Itll take you threehours to walk there. The question is tooeasy for him to answer. 4. 辅音+辅音爆破音/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/ 和摩擦音/f/，/v/，/w/,其中任意2个相临时，前一个音会轻音化，前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破,
23、即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的音。 如果这些音在词尾，也要轻音化。Si(t) downcontac(t) lensDa(d) told) mehu(ge) changegoo(d) nightThe girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now. The bi(g) bus from the fa(c)tory is full of people. Wha(t) time does he get up every morning? This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(
24、g) car. The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. 辅音z与j相邻时, 被同化为：z + j How wasyour vacation?He saysyoure good.Were going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday. What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?Its a very col(d) day, but its a goo(d) day. You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. I bought a ch
25、ea(p) book, but its a goo(d) book. I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. -Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don(t) know. The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult. He needs a lot o(f) money.如果前词尾辅音与后词尾辅音相同，前辅音省略。I was so happy.I have got to go.I have gotta go.(to轻音化为ta)Doyou want t
26、o dance? do you wanna dance? (to轻音化为na)补充：浊化i. S 后面的清辅音要浊化discussion： k 浊化成 gstand： t 浊化成dii. 美音中：t 在单词的中间被浊化成d如：writer， 听起来和 rider 的发音几乎没有区别letterladderout of连读练习Take a look at it.Ill be back in half an hour.Will it take a lot of time to go to town on foot?There is a pair of shoes.She was away from
27、 her own country for a long time.Shall we meet at ten oclock tomorrow morning?Each of us had a sandwich and a cup of tea.Is it very cloudy outside?Those who are quick can go early.Do I have to do every exercise?Many of us will go out tonight.Everybody can see that he is blue in the face.二 英语发音之语调 语调（intonation），即说话的腔调，就是一句话里声调高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。英语的基本语调包括升调（）和降调（），它们还可以组合成降升调、升降调和升降升调。用不同的语调读句子就会有不同的意思。一、 升调和降调降调：降调的基本含义是“结束”“肯定”。常见的一般陈述句、命令祈使句和特殊问
