1、初中英语时态总结八大时态精讲初中英语八大时态全套精讲1. 一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用： every,sometimes, at,onSundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：以上三种情况用于宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一
2、般现在时。例： Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较： Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时， 用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作， 表示言行的瞬间动作。 再如： Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的 now 是进行时的标志
3、， 表示 正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。2. 构成及变化1 、 be 动词的变化肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。否定句：主语 + be + not + 其它。如： He is not a worker. 他不是工人。 一般疑问句： Be +主语 +其它。 如： -Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句。如： Where is my bike?2、行为动词的变化 当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为 do肯定句：主语 +动词原形 (+其它
4、 )。 如： We often play basketball after school.否定句：主语 + dont+ 动词原形 什其它)。 女口： we don t play basketball after school.一般疑问句： Do +主语+动词原形 +其它? 如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.特殊疑问句：疑问词 +以do开头的一般疑问句 ？ 女口： What do you often do after school ?当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为 does肯定句
5、：主语 +动词三单式 (+其它 )。如： He swims well.否定句：主语+ doesn t+动词原形 什其它)。如：He doesn t swim well.一般疑问句： Does +主语 +动词原形 +其它。如： Does he swim well ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句？如： How does your father go to work?三、第三人称单数的动词变化规则 (只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式 )(1) 多数动词直接加 s:runs gets likes collets
6、 takes plays climbs .(2) 结尾是 s, x, sh, ch, o ,前为辅音字母 ,结尾加 es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3) 动词末尾 y 前为辅音 :将 y 改为 i 加 es:studytstudies fly 宀flies carry carries crycries但在 y 前如果为元音则直接加 s:buys says2 一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day,
7、in 1982 yesterday morning (afternoon,evenin g ) last ni ght (week, mon th, year ), a mome nt ago , a week ago, three yearsago just now,等。Where did you go just now?2) 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were
8、 given a warm welcome.3) 句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了 你该睡觉了。 你早该睡觉了。表示 宁愿某人做某事It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 It is time for you to go to bed. It is time you went to bed. would (had) rather sb. did sth.Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thoug
9、ht you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。 )Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着 ) used to / be used toused to + do：过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常散
10、步 )be used to + doing :对 已感到习惯，或习惯于”，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.( 现在习惯于散步 ) 典型例题 Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. Its 69568442.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant答案 A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生 在过去，因此应用过去时。二、构成及变化1. Be 动词在一般过
11、去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为 was。 (was not=wasnt)are 在一般过去时中变为 were。 (were not=weren t)带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are 一样，即否定句在 was 或 were 后加not, 般疑问句把 was或were调到句首。2. 行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：肯定句 ： 主语 + 动词的过去式 .I watched a film last Sunday .否定句 ： 主语+ didn t + 动词原形 .I didn t watch a film last Sunday . 一般
12、疑问句： Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didn t .特殊疑问句：疑问词 + 以 did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?3、现在进行时一、意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。 时间标志 now ，句前的 look ,listen二、构成 :be (am, is ,are )+ 动词现在分词 -ing 形式 肯定句： 主语 + be + 现在分词 V-ing (+ 其他 )I m doing my homework now .
13、 否定句：主语 +be+not+ 动词 -ing + 其他 .I m not doing my homework now.一般疑问句：Be+ 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他？Are you doi ng your home work now?Yes, I am . No , I m not .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +be+主语+动词-ing+其他？What are you doi ng now ?三、 现在分词的构成：(1) 一般在动词末尾直接加 ing,以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉 e,再加ing,女口 skate t skating make making dance dancin
14、g write writing have havingride t riding come t coming (3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末 尾的辅音字母，再加 ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting四、 现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在 ( 指说话人说话时 ) 正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动
15、作未必正在进行。Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。 )She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示渐变的动词有： get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。 The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.d. 与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带 有说话人的主观色彩。You are always
16、changing your mind.9 不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer
17、, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词 :accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系动词:seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.4过去进行时1) 概念：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示
18、过去某一阶段一直在 进行的动作2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动 作发生。3) 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileMy brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the
19、 mountain, the sun was shining.典型例题1) Mary a dress whe n she cut her fin ger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，”玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she the n ewspaper, Granny asleep.read； was falling B. was reading ； fell C. was reading ； was falling D. rea
20、d ； fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时， 用过去进行； 一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 ”在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。 句中的fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如： fall sick。一、 过去进行时结构：was/were +动词的现在分词否定句则在was/were后加一个not,疑问句将was/were提前则可。女口： He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday.t He was not readi ng a book at 5:00 yesterday.
21、t Was he readi ng a book at 5:00 yesterday? (Yes, he was./ No, he was nt.)t What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday?二、 过去进行时用法：1. 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用。如 ：(just) then 那时，当时 at this/that time 在这/那时 yesterday afternoon 昨天下午at nine 在九点 last night 昨晚 (at) this time yesterday在昨天这个时候但在不少情况下，没有表示时
22、间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。 What were you doing a|t nine last ni ght?昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？ I was watch ing TV at home yesterday afternoon.我昨天下午正在家里看电视。 They were play ing football at this t|me yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。2. 过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常与 those days, the wholemorning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night 等时间状语连用。
23、(1) From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 从 1983 到 1998 年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。(2) They were buildi ng a bridge last winter . 去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。(3) He was writi ng a book those days. 那几天他正在写一本书3. 过去进行时与频度副词 always forever, continually , constantly等连用时表示过去经常反 复的动作，常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。 My sister was always for
24、getting things.（ 表示埋怨 ） He was always helping others.（ 表示赞扬）4. 过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作， 同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作，常用在间接引语中。1 Lucy arrived in Beiji ng last Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the n ext morning. 上周五Lucy到达北京，但第二天早晨就要动身去香港了。2 She asked him if he was coming back for lunch
25、. 她问他午饭是否准备回来吃。5. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别。（1）过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也 一就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，则强调动作的连续性。1 I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一圭寸信。 （信写完了）I was writi ng a letter this morni ng. 今天上午我在写一圭寸信。 （信不一定写完）2 The children watched TV yesterday evening.昨天晚上孩子们看了电视。（强调过去发生了这件事）The child
26、re n were watchi ng TV yesterday evenin g. 昨晚孩子们都在看电视。（强调昨晚看电视这一动作的持续性）表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词（如be, like , love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know , want, notice）可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如：I hated it whe n a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。（3） 一般过去时与 always , constantly, forever, continu
27、ally等连用，表示过去经常性、 习惯性的动作”；而过去进行时与 always, constantly , forever, continually等连用，表示 动作的重复，常带有感*彩。如：He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。He was always thi nking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。6. 下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：（1） .表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如：Tom was getting up at six o clock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。（
28、2） .与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如：John was always coming to school late. 约翰上学总是迟至U。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是为人民做好事。（3） 用来描写故事发生的情景时。如：It was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. 那是一个漆 黑的夜晚，风刮得很厉害，雨下得很大。（4） when作并列连词，表示（这时）突然”之意时，第一个并列分句
29、用过去进行时， when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：I was taking a walk whe n I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。We were play ing outside whe n it bega n to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。（5） go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day.那天我正要去武汉。She was comi ng later.她随后就来。8.过去进行时表示婉转语气 （只限于want, hope,
30、wonder等动词），用以提出请求。如：I was won deri ng if you could help me.I was hop ing you could send me home.过去进行时巩固练习:1. Sim on (make) a model pla ne *t 8:00 a.m?2. Peter (do) his homework Qt seve n last ni ght.3. They (watch) a football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last ni ght.4. He (try) to draw a pla ne on the bl
31、ackboard at that time5. What book you (read) when I (see)you at four yesterdayafter noon?6. While she (watch) TV , her son (play) outside the room.7. It (beg in) to rain while (work) in the field.8. I (do) my homework last ni ght when| the light (go) out. go out 意为熄灭9. I saw you in the readi ng room yesterday , Tom. What were you doing? Oh, I (read) some books on scie nee.10. Girls (dan ce) while boys (sing) at the party.11. - Did you see Tim just now?-Yes. He (fish) b
