1、电子商务与国际贸易发展文献综述及外文文献资料本份文档包含：关于该选题的外文文献 、文献综述一、外文文献文献信息标题: E-Commerce in India作者: Saini, Babita期刊: The International Journal of Business & Management卷: 2；期: 2；页: 1-5；年份: 2014E-Commerce in IndiaAbstractE-commerce stands for electronic commerce and pertains to trading in goods and services through the
2、 electronic medium. B2B, B2C, C2C and similar opportunity help consumer preferences and consumer markets developing electronic- infrastructure for challenges of the future. E-commerce has revolutionized business, changing the shape of competition with internet (The NET) ,the computer communication n
3、etwork creating a e-commerce market place for consumers and business . Electronic commerce or business is more than just another way to sustain or enhance existing business practices. Rather, e-commerce is a paradigm shift. It is a disruptive innovation that is radically changing the traditional way
4、 of doing business. Ecommerce is showing tremendous business growth in our country. Increasing internet users have added to its growth. The present study has been undertaken to describe the present status and facilitators of E-Commerce in India . And to analyze the present trends of E-Commerce in In
5、dia and examine the barriers of E-Commerce in India. This paper examines different opportunities of e-commerce viz., E-business, E-learning, It raises key challenges that are being faced by consumers relating to e-commerce .Now-a-days, the practice of E-Commerce has been dramatically changed, partic
6、ularly in last five years . Therefore, E-Commerce form of marketing is a process or a modern technique used by business firms, companies, and industries for doing their business work through the e-net system. Keywords: Electronic Commerce, E-net, E-business 1. Introduction E-Commerce stands for elec
7、tronic commerce. It means dealing in goods and services through the electronic media and internet. On the internet, it relates to a website of the vendor, who sells products or services directly to the customer from the portal using a digital shopping cart or digital shopping basket system and allow
8、s payment through credit card, debit card or EFT (Electronic fund transfer) payments. E-commerce or E-business involves carrying on a business with the help of the internet and by using the information technology like Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). More simply put, E-Commerce is the movement of
9、business onto the World Wide Web. E-Commerce has almost overnight become the dominant online activity. There is no single definition of E- Commerce, it means only commercial activity which is performed or linked to or supported by Electronic Communication. The effects of e-commerce are already appea
10、ring in all areas of business, from customer service to new product design. 2. What Is E-Commerce? Electronic commerce or e-commerce refers to a wide range of online business activities for products and services. It also pertains to any form of business transaction in which the parties interact elec
11、tronically rather by physical exchanges or direct physical contact. E-commerce is usually associated with buying and selling over the Internet, or conducting any transaction involving the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods or services through a computer-mediated network. 3. The objectives
12、of the Study The objectives of the present study are: * To describe the present status and facilitators of E-Commerce in India; * To analyse the present trends of E-Commerce in India; * To examine the barriers of E-Commerce in India. 4. Reasons Behind the Growth of E -Commerce * Busy Lifestyle The l
13、ifestyle of people is so busy that they are unable to go to the crowded markets every time for shopping. The customers prefer to shop in a relaxed environment at their own convenience. * High Disposable Income With growing job opportunities the income sources have also increased. Because of high spe
14、nding power, customers are willingly able to pay for the products online. * Awareness of Products People are much more aware nowadays regarding thep roducts available in the markets. They are quite aware about new products, product features, availability, price etc. through the help of media like te
15、levision, radio, newspaper etc. Because of these reasons they feel confident while shopping online. * Rising Computer Educational Level Due to the efforts of Government and Private Educational Institutions in India, computer education is getting new horizons. People are much more aware regarding the
16、 tools and techniques of computers. Not only students of urban areas, students of rural areas, housewives and business persons are also attracted towards the advance technologies of computer like e - commerce and e- business. With the development of educational standards there is automatically a gre
17、at demand to buy and use new products. * Increased Usage of Internet -With more than 100 million Internet users, the country is beginning to achieve a critical mass of users who are familiar with we services. In addition, over the past few years, relatively sophisticated online travel laments (OTAs)
18、, such as Make My Trip - which started turning these initial Web users into Web consumers - have dominated Indian e-commerce. Saves Money -One another reason for adapting e- Commerce and online shopping technology is that the unwanted expenditure of petrol, parking and toll etc. is considerably redu
19、ced. * Easy to Find the Review of Products - It is quite easy to find the review of products by the help of online shopping. E-commerce has made it simpler to get information regarding the product and the customers can purchase the products after getting reviews and feedback of the product. 5. Impor
20、tance and Uses of E. Commerce * Exploitation of New Business Broadly speaking, electronic commerce emphasizes the generation and exploitation of new .business opportunities and to use popular phrases: generate business value or do more with less. * Enabling the Customers Electronic Commerce is enabl
21、ing the customer to have an increasing say in what products are made, how products are made and how services are delivered (movement from a slow order fulfillment process with little understanding of what is taking place inside the firm, to a faster and rt1ore open process with customers having grea
22、ter control. * Improvement of Business Transaction Electronic Commerce endeavors to improve the execution of business transaction over various networks. * Effective Performance It leads to more effective performance i.e. better quality, greater customer satisfaction and better corporate decision mak
23、ing. * Greater Economic Efficiency We may achieve greater economic efficiency (lower cost) and more rapid exchange (high speed, accelerated, or real-time interaction) with the help of electronic commerce. * Execution of Information It enables the execution of information-laden transactions between t
24、wo ore more parties using inter connected networks. These networks can be a combination of plain old telephone system (POTS), Cable TV, leased lines and wireless. Information based transactions are creating new ways of doing business and even new types of business. * Incorporating Transaction Electr
25、onic Commerce also incol 1orates transaction management, which organizes, routes, processes and tracks transactions. It also includes consumers making electronic payments and funds transfers * Increasing of Revenue The firm uses technology to either lower operating costs or increase revenue. Electro
26、nic Commerce has the Potential to increase revenue by creating new markets for old products, creating new information-based products, and establishing new service delivery channels to better serve and interact with customers. The transaction management aspect of electronic commerce can also enable f
27、irms to reduce operating costs by enabling better coordination in the sales, production and distribution processes and to consolidate operations arid reduce overhead. * Reduction of Friction, Electronic Commerce research and its associated implementations is to reduce the friction in online transact
28、ions frictions is often described in economics as a transaction cost. It can arise from inefficient market structures and inefficient combinations of the technological activities required to make a transaction. Ultimately, the reduction of friction in online commerce will enable smoother transaction
29、 between buyers, intermediaries and sellers. * Facilitating of Network Form Electronic Commerce is also impacting business .to business interactions. It facilitates the network form of organization where small, flexible firms rely on another partner, companies for component supplies and product dist
30、ribution to meet changing customer demand more effectively. Hence, an end to end relationship management solution is a desirable goal that is needed to manage the chain of networks linking customers, workers, suppliers, distributors and even competitors. The management of online transactions in the
31、supply chain assumes a central roll. * Facilitating for Organizational Model It is facilitating an organizational model that is fundamentally different from the past. It is a control organization to the information based organization. The emerging forms of techno-organizational structure involve cha
32、nges in managerial responsibilities, communication and information flows and work group structures . 6. Opportunities for E-Commerce Young Jun Choi1, Chung Suk Suh(2005) reported that the development of the internet in the 20th century led to the birth of an electronic marketplace or it is called e-marketplace, which is now a kernel of electronic commerce (e-commerce). An e- marketplace provides a virtual space where sellers and buyers trade with each other as in the traditional marketplace. Various kinds of economic transactions and buying and selling of goo
