1、考点26 关系代词引导的定语从句备战中考英语考点一遍过命题趋势：定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。中考考查重点： 关系代词的用法；在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose
2、。【图示】考向一: 定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。考向二: 定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。考向三: 关系代词的基本用法作主语作宾语作定语指人who/th
3、atwho/whom/that/省略whose指物which/thatwhich/that/省略The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。【典例】I dont know the teache
4、r _ is talking with Miss Wang. A. what B. whom C. which D. who【答案】D【解析】所填写词引导定语从句，修饰先行词teacher，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。【注意】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。2. 通常在以下六种
5、情况下只能用that而不能用which：（1）先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。【典例】Is that all? Yes. Thats all _ I want to take. A. which B. that C. who D. whose【答案】B【解析】句意：就这些？是的，这就是我要买的所有东西。which，that的先行词都是物，但当先行词是all等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that；who的先行词只能是
6、人；whose一般在从句中作定语。故选B。（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.。He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。（3）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为
7、避免重复，只能用that。Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？（4）先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。（5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。We were deeply impr
8、essed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。（6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。Its a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。（7）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。There
9、is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。3. 关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：（1）先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？（2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。（3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。Tom came back, which made us ha
10、ppy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。考向四: 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句要掌握介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，我们要注意以下五点：1. 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这就是我两年以前住过的那间房子。2. 介词 + which / whom构成的定语从句。 介词后只能用which/whom，不用who/that，但当介词放在后面时，在限制性
11、定语从句中，可用that代替which / whom，并且that可省略。在非限制性定语从句中只能用关系代词which/whom。 我向你请教的那个问题现在已经解决了。 【误】The problem about that I consulted you has now been solved. （错） 【正】The problem about which I consulted you has now been solved. （对） 【正】The problem I consulted you about has now been solved. （对）3. 名词+ 介词+which / w
12、hom引导的定语从句We had a meeting the purpose of which was completely unclear. 我们开了一个会，会议的内容还不完全清楚。4. 在非限制性定语从句中，of which / whom 可用来修饰不定代词 all, each, one, many, much, more, most, any, some, a few, a little, none, both, several, enough, the latter, the former等。There are 103 elements found in nature, most of
13、 which are metals.自然界中发现了103种金属元素，大都是金属。5. 介词+ which +名词引导的定语从句。 which是一个代表所有关系的关系代词，可用来代表一个名词/代词或句子的一部分，但更多的是来代表整个句子。其中的名词通常是一个抽象名词，如：case, fact, state, time, point等。He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.他可能要迟到，因此我们应该等他。一、定语从句定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号；定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜；定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。二、关系代词关系
14、代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；which表物人用who，人物都有that顾；which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know；who作主语很称职，whom用到宾语里。 三、that用法that用法真有趣，两个地方它不去；逗号后边它不去，介词之后不考虑。that和which的区别that which代表物，区别听我来叙述； 先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；句中若有there be，that应把which替；先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里；just， the only，very，same，last其后也要用that。四、五、
15、指人的关系代词指人可用that, who，以下情况多用who；those people作先行，there be的结构中；先行指人不定代，从中作主who要在；两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才。六、 七、 关系代词用法总结关系代词到这里，主宾表定作用起； 关系代词作宾语，省与不省全靠你。八、九特殊情况只记上边不可以，特殊情况告诉你；先行用way作状语，in which/ that /略可以；one of +复作先行，从中谓语复数明；one前若有only/very，从中谓语定用单；定从名从可转换，all that被what换。、1. What are you looking for? Im looki
16、ng for a book _ tells the history of England.A. which B. who C. what D. where 2. What are you doing? Im reading the book _ you lent me last week.A. what B. who C. when D. that 3. Why do you call him Mr. Knowledgeable? Because he knows almost everything _ we want to know. A. which B. what C. that D.
17、who4. I heard that Shao Yifu passed away. Yes, he is a great man _ donated billions of dollars to charity, schools and hospitals. A. who B. whom C. which D. /5. No one knows _ in the future.A. what will be happen B. what will happenC. what will it happen D. what it will happen6. He always forgets al
18、l the things _ he needs to do.A .what B. that C. what D. which7. In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye. And another example is F2F _ stands for face to face. A. that B. who C. whom D. it 8. After Mandela was free(自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people _ wanted to kill him.A. whose B. wh
19、ich C. / D. who9. The book in _ I have much interest now is Around the World in Eighty Days.A. that B. who C. which D. whose10. He always forgets all the things _ he needs to do. A .what B. that C. that what D. which1. The book in _ I have much interest now is Around the World in Eighty Days.A. that
20、 B. who C. which D. whose2. This is the room in I used to live.A. which B. why C. who D. when3. He showed me around the school he studied three years ago.A. that B. when C. in which D. there4. He is the teacher class we all like.A. when B. who C. whom D. whose5. Please tell me something about Yang L
21、iwei. He is a great astronaut of all the Chinese are proud.A. that B. whose C. who D. whom1. （2019 黑龙江省大庆市）The book _ I read last night was fantastic.A. that B. what C. whose D. who2. （2019 吉林省中考）Mr. Brown is a teacher _ is strict with all is students.A. which B. who C. where3. （2019 甘肃省天水市）Have you
22、 seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ?Yes. Its the best one _ I have ever seen.A. that B. which C. what D. it4. （2019 贵州省贵阳市）Wang Yangming is a great educationalist _ developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen. A. which B. what C. who5. （2019 四川省内江市）The book _ was written by him is very interestin
23、g.A. who B. whom C. which D. /6. （2019 四川省遂宁市）My mother doesnt like stories _ have sad endings. A. that B. who C. where D. those7. （2019 四川省达州市）Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree _ waiting in a line?They are the students from No. 1 Primary School. A. that are B. where are C. which is D
24、. who is8. （2019 内蒙古呼和浩特市）Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat _ tell you your weight? A. / B. who C. whom D. that9. （2019 湖南省湘潭市）On Monday April 15， 2019， the fire _ broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world. A. that B. who C. where10. （2019
25、广西省玉林市）Hey, Anna, would you like to see The White Storm with me?You mean, the new police story _ was filmed by Chen Musheng.A. who B. what C. whose D. which一、单项选择。1. （湖北省丹江口市习家店中学2018届九年级中考模拟考试）Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest la
26、st yearA. whom B. whose C. which D. where2. （湖南省长沙市2017-2018师大附中教育集团九年级下英语第二次联考）Every time I go to ask him for help, he always says, Theres nothing _ I can do for you. Go to ask somebody else. A. that B. which C. what3. （福建省厦门双十中学2018届初三第二次模拟考试）The earth is the only planet _ provides us with everyth
27、ing we need. Its our duty to protect it.A. who B. what C. that4. （安徽省马鞍山市2018届九年级第二学期二模）She is talking about the school and teachers _ we visited last month.A. who B. which C. where D. that5. （四川省成都外国语学校2018届九年级下学期二诊考试）It is the school rooftop _ a group of Shanghai students have grown vegetables.A.
28、which B. that C. what D. where二、用适当的关系代词填空。1. This is the house in I lived ten years ago.2. The man from I borrowed the book is Li Lei.3. This is the car for he paid fifty thousand dollars.4. He was surprised at you said to him yesterday afternoon.三、用适当的介词填空。1. Do you like the book which she paid $1
29、0?2. Do you like the book which she learned a lot?3. Do you like the book which she often talks?4. The library which students often study was on fire last night.5. The reason which he didnt come was that he was ill.6. Ill never forget the time which I lived in the countryside.7. The woman whom Spielberg is married is an actress.8. She didnt know the teacher whom I turned for advice.9. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest which is the Yellow River.【跟踪训练】1. A【解析】句意：
