1、高中英语语法详解形容词的比较级和最高级定语从句16种时态及其用法高中英语高三二轮复习 语法详解：形容词的比较级和最高级及其用法形容词的分类形容词的比较级和最高级什么是形容词形容词是用来修饰名词的词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。昨天和大家一起分享了形容词的主要用法，今天我们再一起看看形容词的比较级和最高级。绝大多数形容词有三种形式，原级、比较级和是高级，表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 形容词的比较极和最高级形式是在形容词原级形式的基础上变化的，分为规则变化和不规则变化。 1.规则变化1)单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式实在词尾加-er和est构成。形容词（原形）比较级最高级greatg
2、reatergreatesttalltallertallestfastfasterfastestsmallsmallersmallestcheapcheapercheapest2)以不发音字母e结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成形容词（原形）比较级最高级widewiderwidestlatelaterlatestlargelargerlargestsimplesimplersimplest3) 以-y结尾，但-y前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把-y 去掉，加上 -ier 和 -iest 构成。形容词（原形）比较级最高级happyhappierhappi
3、estbusybusierbusiesteasyeasiereasiestangryangrierangriest4)以重读闭音节 + 辅音字母结尾的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母燃后再加 -er 和 -est 形容词（原形）比较级最高级bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottestthinthinnerthinnestfatfatterfattest5)双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用 more和 the most 加在形容词前面来构成。形容词（原形）比较级最高级beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifficultmo
4、re difficultmost difficultexpensivemore expensivemost expensiveinterestingmore interestingmost interesting2.不规则变化形容词（原形）比较级最高级good / wellbetterbestmany / muchmoremostbad / illworseworstoldelder / oldereldest / oldestlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest学习小贴士：有些形容词的比较级和最高级，可以有两种表示法：c
5、levercleverer, cleverest 或者 more clever, the most cleverfriendlyfriendlier,friendliest 或者more friendly , the most friendly 形容词前如加 less和 least 则表示较不和最不：important 重要，less important 较不重要，least important 最不重要。形容词的分类形容词的比较级和最高级的用法什么是形容词形容词是用来修饰名词的词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。昨天和大家一起分享了形容词的主要用法，以及形容词的比较级和最高级，今天我们来一起
6、学习一下形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法。绝大多数形容词有三种形式，原级、比较级和是高级，表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。1.形容词的原级1）形容词的原级一般用在同级比较的情况较多，两个比较对象程度相同的，用“as + 形容词原级 +as 的结构”Tom is as tall as his brothe.汤姆和他的哥哥一样高。My hair is as long as hers.我的头发和她的一样长。His shoes are as new as mine.他的鞋子和我的一样新。 在这两种结构中，第一个as是副词，而第二个as 是连词，一般后面接名词、代词或所有格。2）如果表示“不如”则
7、用“not so / as +形容词原级 +as的结构” His bedroom is not as big as his sisters.他的房间不如他姐姐的大。It is not so cold as yesterday.今天不像昨天那么冷。 2. 形容词的比较级，两者比较时用形容词比较级。1）其基本结构为“比较级than”He is taller than me.他比我高。The girl is more beautiful than betore.这个女孩比以前更加漂亮了。但我们在使用时可以加一些前置修饰词：I feel much better today. 我今天感觉好多了。He i
8、s fat.But his brother is still fatter.他很胖，不过他哥哥更胖。 2）在两者之间选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“Which/Who is+比较级，or”Which dress is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one？哪一条裙子更便宜？红的还是黄的？ 3）表示“两者之间较的一个”时，用“the比较级”Ktty is the taller of the twins.双胞胎中凯蒂比较高。4）表示“越, 越”时，用“the 比较级，the比较级”The more you eat, the fatter you will bec
9、ome.你吃得越，就越胖。The more we get together, the happier well be.朋友越多，我们就越高兴。 5)表示“越来越”时，用“比较级and + 比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级。The weather is getting hotter and hotter.天气越来越热了。Our country becomes more and more beautiful.我们的国家越来越美了。 3.形容词的最高级1）三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级形式。形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词the，句末常接i
10、n/of短语来表示范围。He is the strongest of all the boys.他是所有男孩中最强壮的。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。Which is the easiest,Lesson1,Lesson 2 or Lesson3？哪一课是最简单的呢？第一课，第二课，还是第三课？2）表示“最之一”时，用“one of + the最高级”Mary is one of the cleverest students in our class.玛丽是我们班最聪明的学生之一。Hainan is one of the mo
11、st beautifuI cities in China.海南是中国最美丽的城市之一。 3）形合词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用定冠词 theYesterday is her longest day in her life.昨天是她生命中最长的一天。 学习小贴士形容词最高级前表示“第二，第三”时，可在最高级加“second,third（但“第一”不能用first）。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。 在表示“是的几倍”时可以用times +as+形容词原级+as.The
12、 cupboard is three times as big as that one.这个橱柜是那个的三倍大。 most同形容词连用而不用the，表示“极,很,非常,十分”。Its most dangerous to go there. 去那儿太危险。That is most kind of you. 你真是太好了。高中英语定语从句考点整理定语从句小测试1.Do you know the man _？A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke答案：C解析： “和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do y
13、ou know the man whom I spoke to. whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。2.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there答案：A解析：where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。3.Can you lend me the book _the other day？A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that yo
14、u talkedD. that you talked答案：A解析：“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.about 是介词，其后要用which作宾语 ，不能用that.4.He isnt such a man _he used to be.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. as答案：D解析：suchas是固定用法，as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语 ,在本题中，as作表语。5.I went with him 19. I dont like _ as you read.A. the novelsB. the such novelsC. such novelsD. s
15、ame novels答案：C解析：as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和 same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时，要用such a.本题中such books， such直接修饰复数名词。定语从句作为英语语法，在学习过程中属于中较难理解与掌握的部分，也正是由于其复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大，屡屡让同学们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧斗志！概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从
16、句。定语从句“三要素”1.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词指人的先行词指物的先行词 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所叙述的事情)2.关系词：引导定语的词（1）关系词的作用替代前面的先行词（替代作用）连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）（2）关系词的分类标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语（Whe
17、n/where/why）3.定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较：He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)He ha
18、s two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的10个难点01关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)（1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)（2）关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)（3）关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (
19、that/which) people are interested in.比较：Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）02先行词是人(that/who的区别)（1）用that的情况以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very
20、 person that we are looking for.（2）用who的情况先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.在非限定性定语从句当中T
21、om, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.03先行词是物(that / which的区别)（1）用which的情况在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.关系词置于介词之后，作宾语The pen with which you write is Jacks.先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library whic
22、h is newly open to us.（2）用that的情况先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her comp
23、ositions the people and he places that impressed her most.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that Ive seen since I came here.定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.当主句的主语是疑问词which,
24、另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?04As引导定语从句用法（1）As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。常用于以下句型当中：Such/so. as. 即“像.一样” the same . as 即“和.同样的”A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.He is not the same man as he was.（2）引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。As I reme
25、mber, there were a net bar here.Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.the same as.和the same that.引导定语从句的区别This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同类事物）05关系副词的运用（1）When 在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time, day等I still remember the day
26、when I first came to Beijing. (when=on which)（2）Where 在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place, spot等Can you tell me the office where he works?(where = in which)（3）Why 在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.I dont want to listen to any reason why you were absent.(why = for which) 关系副词 = 相应的介词 + 关系代词 Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case
27、(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (阶段)，point（地步）等What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。(此时where = in which)06几个特殊的先行词（1）way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式 that / in which / 不填The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.比较：
28、The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.way在定语中作tell的宾语（2）先行词timetime表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句This is the first time that the president has visited the country.time作“一段时间” 讲时，应用关系副词whenThis was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets此时when = during which 在.期间（3）先行
29、词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式 why/for which/that/不填This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here.比较：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语07介词+关系代词该结构的关系代词只有两种即 介词+which（指物） 介词+whom（指人）该结构介词的选用原则：（1）根据定语从句中谓语动词
30、的习惯搭配This is the book on which I spent $ 8.This is the book for which I paid $ 8.（2）根据先行词的搭配习惯I remember the days during which I lived there.I remember the day on which I graduated from university.（3）根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定The colorless gas without which we cant live is called oxygen.（4）英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。Here is the money with which to buy the piano.She is the right person on whom to depend注意：如果介词后移，关系代词
