1、最全的定语从句讲解1.Handsome boys=the boys who are handsome Beautiful flowers=the flowers which are beautiful2.定义定语从句（Attributive Clauses）:由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）弓I导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词和代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句， 一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被修饰的名词 ，词组或代词叫做先i行词。关系司常有 3个作用：引导疋语从句。代替先仃词。在疋语从句中担当一个成分。3.分类定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句4.关系词以及基本用
2、法关系代词指示对象作用例句That人.物主.（宾）The student that answered the question was John. 回答问题 的学生是约翰。The book (that) you lent me was interesting.你借给我的 那本书很有趣。Which物主.（宾）Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天冈U 买的钢笔.Who人主.（宾）A doctor is a pe
3、rs on who looks after peoples health.The man (who) you met just now is my friend.Whom人（宾）The man (whom) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见 到的那个人就是我的朋友.Mr. Ling is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 凌先生恰巧 就是我想见的那个男孩.Whose人.物疋He has a friend whose father is a doctor.Please pass me the book whose (of
4、which) cover is gree n.AS介词+关系词1） 介词后面的关系词不能省略。2） that前不能有介词。3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的 介词+关系词结构可以同关系 副词 when和 where 互换。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club ？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天 吗？
5、Do you remember the day when you joined our club ？5.whom在定语从句中只指人，做宾语，可用 who或that代替，但后边的介词提前时，只用 whom,也可以省略，例如：Do you know the man (whom/who/that) the teacher is talk ing to?=Do you know the man to whom the teacher is talk ing?She is the pers on (whom/who/that) you should tur n to for help.=She is t
6、he pers on to whom you should tur n for help6.Whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)(1)They rushed over to help the man whose car had broke n dow n. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去 帮忙。(2)Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同(1)She wo
7、re the same dress that she wore at Mary s weddi ng.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(2)She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。注意：定语从句such as ,与结果状语从句 such that,的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分(3)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.(4)He has such a good laptop that I want t
8、o buy one. ut有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句There are very few but understand his idea。 (but= who don t )练习：选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。 (that which who whose whom )1.Do you see the bridge was built last year2. The nurse we talked about can speak En glish well.3. The old gen tlema n you met just now is a famous writer.4. Th
9、e girl to I lent my bike works in a hospital.5. She was the brave girl n ame is known to everybody.注意：that和which虽然都能指物，但是在某些情况下，只能用 that指物而不用which1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如：This is the most in terest ing movie that I have ever see n.(作宾语，可省略)This is the most beautiful park that we have visited.2)先行词被 the ve
10、ry，the only the same, the las等修饰时，例如：This is the very book that rm looki ng for.(作宾语，可省略)The only thing that she could do was to wait patie ntly.(作宾语，可省略)3)先行词被序数词修饰时，例如：The first thing that we do in the morning is to clean the classroom. (作宾语，可省略)This is the third largest city that was fou nded in
11、the 1980s.(作主语)4) 当先行词是 anything, everything, nothingfsomething 除夕卜),few, all, none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, mucheach等修饰时.Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.All that can b
12、e done has bee n done.There is little (that) I can do for you.5)当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时Who is the man that is sta nding there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?7)先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语 ，例如：He is not the boy tha
13、t he used to be.China is no Ion ger the country that it used to be.&当在there be句型中，通常情况下用 that，不用which2.在引导限定性定语从句时， that有时相当于in which, at which, for which 或at whichAttitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that (in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed.人们对白日做梦的态度
14、正在改变， 这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。We arrived the day that(o n which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。关系副词:关系副词指示对象作用例句When时间状语ni n ever forget the days whe n 1 worked together with you The time whe n we got together fin al
15、ly came.Where地点状语This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.The house where I lived ten years ago has bee n pulled dow n Shan ghai is the city where I was born.Why原因状语(1)Please tell me the reas on why you missed the pla ne.(2)I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.二、关系副词(在句中作状
16、语) 关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for which (先行词一般是 reason)Where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配 )When=during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配)3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的 介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when ,where和 why 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on w
17、hich you joined our club?Do you remember the day whe n you joined our club?This is the reas on why he came late.This is the reas on for which he came late.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时 从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is
18、very famous.(2)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.=Tomorrow I will bring here a magaz ine for which you asked.(3)We ll go to hethe famous sin ger (whom/that/who) we have ofte n talked about.=We ll go to hear the famous sin ger about whom we have ofte n talked.注意：1.含有介词的
19、动词短语一般不拆开使用， 如如： look for, look after, take care of等T This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T =正确) F This is the watch for which I am looking. (F =错误)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用 whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which，不能用that ;关系代词是所有格时用 whose(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)The man with tha
20、t you talked is my friend. (F)(2)The pla ne in which we flew to Can ada is very comfortable. (T)The pla ne in that we flew in to Can ada is very comfortable. (F)3.“介词 + 关系代词” 前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few代词或 者数词(1)He loved his pare nts deeply, both of whom are very ki nd t
21、o him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty stude nts in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用 wh
22、ich。(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher an gry.(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句， 有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1、 As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1)He married her, as/which was n atural.(2)He was hon est, as/which we can see.甚至可以切割另外，as有“正2、 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后， 一个主句；wh
23、ich引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。如,，正像,，”的意思(1)As is known to all, China is a develop ing coun try.(2)He is from the south, as we can see from his acce nt.(3)Joh n, as you kno w, is a famous writer.(4)He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don t believe.This is the mountain village where I stay
24、ed last year.ni n ever forget the days whe n I worked together with you.判断改错(注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(错) I will n ever forget the days whe n I spe nt in the coun tryside.(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.(对) ni n
25、 ever forget the days (which) I spe nt in the coun tryside.此两题错在关系词的），也能正确选择出关习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。误用上。方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 （主、谓、宾、定、状系代词 /关系副词。例 1. Is this museum you visited a few days ago?A| where B. that C. on which D. the oneA. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案: 例1 D，例2 A
26、you visited a few days ago.例 2 变为肯定句： This is the例1变为肯定句： This museum isthe exhibiti on was held.museum二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进 说明，通常和1主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立它是Her house, which was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake.（那座房子在地震中依然耸立, 百多年前建造的。）2.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况
27、或主句的某一部分3.有时as也可用作关系代词4.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用 that，而用who, whom代表人，用 which代 表事物5当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时， 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了， 他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely gard 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This no vel, which I have
28、 read three times, is very touchi ng. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍6非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词 ，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思， 这使我心烦。Liquid water cha nges to vapor, which is called evaporati on. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行
29、词 或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从 句的关系代词有 as, which，who, whom，whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。 关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能 省。一、as引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全部或部分内容。常表说话人关于说话 的依据、态度、评论、看法等。有“正如、像”等意思。定语从句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。 as后常接 expect, know，report，say，see等动词的主、被动语态句。1.Mike， as we expected,
30、atte nded the meet in g.像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。2.He was nt uncon scious， as could be judged from his eyes .他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以判断出 来。二、which引导非限制性定语从句的情况很多。I.指代主句的全部或部分内容时，常表事实、状态、起因等，有“这就使得、这一点” 等意思，常置主句末。主句与定语从句用逗号分开。II .指代先行词有多种情况。定语从句置先行词后面。1 .在n./ pron./ num.+ prep.+ which ”， “prep.+ which ” 定语从句里。1)The
31、y talked about a movie ， the name of which Ive never forgotten 他们谈论过一部电影，我决不会忘记片名。2)In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals ， 16 5 of which were won by women 在悉尼奥运会， 中国队夺得了 28枚金牌，其中 165 枚是女子夺得的。3)China has thousands of islands， the largest of which is Taiwan 中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾 岛。4)Chaplin went to the states in 1910 ，by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies 卓别林 1910 年去了美国，那时他已学会跳舞和演喜剧了。2表唯一性，或者就是指代先行词的事物时。The dam, which is the biggest in t
