1、计算机外文文献英文文献外文翻译信息系统开发和数据库开发Information System Development and Database DevelopmentIn many organizations, database development from the beginning of enterprise data modeling, data modeling enterprises determine the scope of the database and the general content. This step usually occurs in an organiza
2、tions information system planning process, it aims to help organizations create an overall data description or explanation, and not the design of a specific database. A specific database for one or more information systems provide data and the corporate data model (which may involve a number of data
3、bases) described by the organization maintaining the scope of the data. Data modeling in the enterprise, you review of the current system, the need to support analysis of the nature of the business areas, the need for further description of the abstract data, and planning one or more database develo
4、pment project. Figure 1 shows Pine Valley furniture companys enterprise data model of a part. Information System Architecture As shown in figure 1, senior data model is only general information system architecture (ISA) or a part of an organizations information system blueprint. In the information s
5、ystem planning, you can build an enterprise data model as a whole information system architecture part. According to Zachman (1987), Sowa and Zachman (1992) views of an information system architecture consists of the following six key components: Data (Figure 1 shows, but there are other methods tha
6、t). Manipulation of data processing (of a data flow diagram can be used, with the object model methods, or other symbols that). Networks, which organizations and in organizations with its main transmission of data between business partners (it can connect through the network topology map and to demo
7、nstrate). People who deal with the implementation of data and information and is the source and receiver (in the process model for the data shows that the sender and the receiver). Implementation of the events and time points (they can use state transition diagram and other means.) The reasons for t
8、he incident and data processing rules (often in the form of text display, but there are also a number of charts for the planning tools such as decision tables). Information Engineering Information systems planners in accordance with the specific information system planning methods developed informat
9、ion system architecture. Information engineering is a popular and formal methods. Information engineering is a data-oriented creation and maintenance of the information system. Information engineering is because the data-oriented, so when you begin to understand how the database is defined by the lo
10、go and when information engineering a concise explanation is very helpful. Information Engineering follow top-down planning approach, in which specific information systems from a wide range of information needs in the understanding derived from (for example, we need about customers, products, suppli
11、ers, sales and processing of the data center), rather than merging many detailed information requested ( orders such as a screen or in accordance with the importation of geographical sales summary report). Top-down planning will enable developers to plan more comprehensive information system, consid
12、er system components provide an integrated approach to enhance the information system and the relationship between the business objectives of the understanding, deepen their understanding of information systems throughout the organization in understanding the impact. Information Engineering includes
13、 four steps: planning, analysis, design and implementation. The planning stage of project information generated information system architecture, including enterprise data model. Information System Planning Information systems planning objective is to enable IT organizations and the business strategy
14、 closely integrated, such integration for the information systems and technology to make the most of the investment interest is very important. As the table as a description, information engineering approach the planning stage include three steps, we in the follow-up of three sections they discussed
15、. 1. Critical factors determining the planning Planning is the key factor that organizational objectives, critical success factors and problem areas. These factors determine the purpose of the establishment of planning and environment planning and information systems linked to strategic business pla
16、nning. Table 2 shows the Pine Valley furniture companys key planning a number of possible factors, these factors contribute to the information systems manager for the new information systems and databases clubs top priority to deal with the demand. For example, given the imprecise sales forecasts th
17、is problem areas, information systems managers in the organization may be stored in the database additional historical sales data, new market research data and new product test data. 2. The planning organizations set targets Organizations planning targets defined scope of business, and business scop
18、e will limit the subsequent analysis and information systems may change places. Five key planning targets as follows: organizational units in the various sectors. organizations location of the place of business operations. functions of the business support organizations handling mission of the relev
19、ant group. Unlike business organizations function modules, in fact a function can be assigned to various organizations modules (for example, product development function is the production and sale of the common responsibility of the Ministry). types of entities managed by the organization on the peo
20、ple, places and things of the major types of data. Information System data set processing software applications and support procedures. 3. To set up a business model A comprehensive business model including the functions of each enterprise functional decomposition model, the enterprise data model an
21、d the various planning matrix. Functional decomposition is the function of the organization for a more detailed decomposition process, the functional decomposition is to simplify the analysis of the issue, distracted and identify components and the use of the classical approach. Pine Valley furnitur
22、e company in order to function in the functional decomposition example in figure 2 below. In dealing with business functions and support functions of the full set, multiple databases, is essential to a specific database therefore likely only to support functions (as shown in Figure 2) provide a subs
23、et of support. In order to reduce data redundancy and to make data more meaningful, has a complete, high-level business view is very helpful. The use of specific enterprise data model to describe the symbol. Apart from the graphical description of this type of entity, a complete enterprise data mode
24、l should also include a description of each entity type description of business operations and a summary of that business rules. Business rules determine the validity of the data. An enterprise data model includes not only the types of entities, including the link between the data entities, as well
25、as various other objects planning links. Showed that the linkage between planning targets a common form of matrix. Because of planning matrix need not be explicit modeling database can be clearly described business needs, planning matrix is an important function. Regular planning matrix derived from
26、 the operational rules, it will help social development activities that top priority will be sorting and development activities under the top-down view through an enterprise-wide approach for the development of these activities. There are many types of planning matrix is available, their commonaliti
27、es are: locations - features show business function in which the implementation of operational locations. unit - functions which showed that business function or business unit responsible for implementation. Information System - data entities to explain how each information system interact with each
28、 data entity (for example, whether or not each system in each entity have the data to create, retrieve, update and delete). support functions - data in each functional entities in the data set for the acquisition, use, update and delete. Information System - target indication for each information sy
29、stem to support business objectives. Figure 3 illustrate a possible functions - data entities matrix. Such a matrix can be used for a variety of purposes, including the following three objectives: 1) identify gaps in the data entities to indicate the types of entities not use any function or functio
30、ns which do not use any entity. 2) found that the loss of each functional entities involved in the inspection staff through the matrix to identify any possible loss of the entity. 3) The distinction between development activities if the priority to the top of a system development function for a high
31、-priority (probably because it important organizational objectives related), then this area used by entities in the development of the database has a high priority. Hoffer, George and Valacich (2002) are the works of the matrix on how to use the planning and completion of the Information Engineering
32、 The planning system more complete description. 2 database development process Based on information engineering information systems planning database is a source of development projects. These new database development projects is usually in order to meet the strategic needs of organizations, such as improving customer support, improve product and inventory management, or a more accurate sales forecast. However, many more database development project is the bottom-up approach emerging, such as information system user needs specific information to complete their work, thus beginning a p
